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Ìóáøó ÌóáóÇáõåõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóÓóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí áõÛóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö ÕöÝóÉñ ãõÔóÈøóåóÉñ áöãóäö ÇöÊøóÕóÝó ÈóÇáúÛöäóì¡ ÝöÚúáõåõ Ûóäöíó Ûöäðì æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì æóÇÛúÊóäóì Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ. æóÇáúÛöäóì Ýöí ÍóÞøöäóÇ ÞöáøóÉõ ÇáúÇöÍúÊöíóÇÌö æóåõæó ãõÞóíøóÏñ äöÓúÈöíøñ¡ æóíóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÇõÓúÊõÄãöäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ æóÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝóåõ Çááåõ ÝöíåóÇ ßóÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÞúæóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí íóÏúÝóÚõ ÈöåóÇ Úóäú äóÝöÓöåö ÇáúÍóÇÌóÇÊö æóãõÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáÖøóÑõæÑöíøóÇÊö[1]¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÓøóÈöíáõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÓúÊóÃúÐöäõæäóßó æóåõãú ÃóÛúäöíóÇÁõï´¾ [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 93]. æóÇáúÛöäóì Åöäú ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÇáãóÔöíÆóÉö Ýóåõæó æóÕúÝõ ÝöÚúáò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÓÈÍÇäå æÊÚÇáì: ï´¿æóÅöäú ÎöÝúÊõãú ÚóíúáóÉð ÝóÓóæúÝó íõÛúäöíßõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáöåö Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Åöäøó Çááøóåó Úóáöíãñ Íóßöíãñï´¾ [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 28]. æóÞóæúáöåö: ï´¿æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÃóÛúäóì æóÃóÞúäóìï´¾ [ÇáäÌã: 48]. æóÅöäú áóãú íóÊóÚóáøóÞú ÈöÇáãóÔöíÆóÉö Ýóåõæó æóÕúÝõ ÐóÇÊò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Ûóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ï´¾ [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 97]. æóßóÞóæúáöåö: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15]. æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó ÇáãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÓõáúØóÇäöåö¡ æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ Åöáóì ÅöäúÚóÇãöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÝúÊóÞöÑõ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí ÔóíÁò¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÎúáõæÞò ãõÝúÊóÞöÑñ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÛöäóì ÇáãõØúáóÞõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõ Çááåó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåö ÛóíÑõåõ¡ æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÃóíúÖðÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÛúäöí ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÍößúãóÊöåö æóÇÈúÊöáóÇÆöåö. æóÃóíøõ Ûóäíøò Óöæóì Çááåöö ÝóÛöäóÇåõ äöÓúÈöíøñ ãõÞóíøóÏñ¡ ÃóãøóÇ Ûöäóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Ýóåõæó ßóÇãöáñ ãõØúáóÞñ¡ æóãóåúãóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÇáãóÎúáõæÞõ Ýöí ÛöäóÇåõ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ Åöáóì Çááåöº áóÃóäøó Çááåó åõæó ÇáãõäúÝóÑöÏõ ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö æóÇáãõáúßö æóÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö Ýóåõæó ÇáãóÇáößõ áößõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ ÇáãõÊóÕóÑøöÝõ ÈöãóÔöíÆóÊöåö Ýöí ÎóáúÞöåö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ íõÚúØöí ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáöåö¡ æóÞóÓóãó áößõáøö ãóÎúáæÞò ãóÇ íóÎõÕøõåõ Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåö æóÑöÒúÞõåõ¡ æóÚóØóÇÄõåõ áóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ¡ æóãóÏóÏõåõ áóÇ íóäúÞóØöÚõ¡ æóÎóÒóÇÆöäõåõ ãóáúÃóì áóÇ ÊóäúÝóÏõ. Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÑÖí Çááå Úäåº Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááåö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÞóÇáó: «íóÏõ Çááåö ãóáúÃóì áóÇ íóÛöíÖõåóÇ äóÝóÞóÉñ¡ ÓóÍøóÇÁõ Çááøóíúáó æóÇáäøóåóÇÑó¡ ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú ãóÇ ÃóäúÝóÞó ãõäúÐõ ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÛöÖú ãóÇ Ýöí íóÏöåö¡ ÚóÑúÔõåõ Úóáóì ÇáãóÇÁö¡ æóÈöíóÏöåö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÇáúãöíÒóÇäõ íóÎúÝöÖõ æóíóÑúÝóÚõ»[2]. æóÚöäúÏó ãõÓúáöãò ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÇáúÛöÝóÇÑöíøö ÑÖí Çááå Úäåº Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÞóÇáó ÝöíãóÇ Ñóæóì Úóäö Çááåö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì: «íóÇ ÚöÈóÇÏöí áóæú Ãóäøó Ãóæøóáóßõãú æóÂÎöÑóßõãú¡ æóÅöäúÓóßõãú æóÌöäøóßõãú ÞóÇãõæÇ Ýöí ÕóÚöíÏò æóÇÍöÏò ÝóÓóÃóáõæäöí¡ ÝóÃóÚúØóíúÊõ ßõáøó ÅöäúÓóÇäò ãóÓúÃóáóÊóåõ ãóÇ äóÞóÕó Ðóáößó ãóãøóÇ ÚöäúÏöí ÅöáøóÇ ßóãóÇ íóäúÞõÕõ ÇáúãöÎúíóØõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÏúÎöáó ÇáúÈóÍúÑó¡ íóÇ ÚöÈóÇÏöí ÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÃóÚúãóÇáõßõãú ÃõÍúÕöíåóÇ áóßõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÃõæóÝøöíßõãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ¡ Ýóãóäú æóÌóÏó ÎóíúÑðÇ ÝóáúíóÍúãóÏö Çááåó¡ æóãóäú æóÌóÏó ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó ÝóáóÇ íóáõæãóäøó ÅöáøóÇ äóÝúÓóåõ»[3]. ÝóÇáúÛóäöíøõ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö æóÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö åõæó Çááåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó áöÃóÍóÏò ÓöæóÇåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ ÇáãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ æóÇÊøöÕóÇÝõ ÛóíúÑö Çááåö ÈóÇáúÛöäóì áóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ßóæúäó ÇáúÍóÞøö ãõÊóæóÍøöÏðÇ Ýöí ÛöäóÇåõº áóÃóäøó ÇáúÛöäóì Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑöåö ãõÞóíøóÏñ¡ æóÝöí ÍóÞøö Çááåö ãõØúáóÞñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ æóÇÖöÍñ ãóÚúáõæãñ¡ æóÐóáößó ãõÖúØóÑöÏñ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóæúÕóÇÝöåö ÈöÇááøõÒõæãö[4]. æõÑõæÏõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö: æóÑóÏó ÇáúÇÓúãõ Ýöí ËóãóÇäö ÚóÔóÑóÉó ÂíóÉð ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ãöäúåóÇ: Þóæúáõ Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ Þóæúáñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ æóãóÛúÝöÑóÉñ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ÕóÏóÞóÉò íóÊúÈóÚõåóÇ ÃóÐðì æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ Íóáöíãñ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 263]. æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÑóÈøõßó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ðõæ ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉöï´¾ [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 133]. æÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ æóáóÏðÇ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ áóåõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖöï´¾[íæäÓ: 68]. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿Åöäú ÊóßúÝõÑõæÇ ÃóäúÊõãú æóãóäú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñï´¾ [ÅÈÑÇåíã: 8]. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿æóãóäú ÔóßóÑó ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÔúßõÑõ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÈøöí Ûóäöíøñ ßóÑöíãñï´¾ [Çáäãá: 40]. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿æóãóäú ÌóÇåóÏó ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÌóÇåöÏõ áöäóÝúÓöåö Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäóï´¾ [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 6]. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15]. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿ÝóßóÝóÑõæÇ æóÊóæóáøóæúÇ æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì Çááøóåõ æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñï´¾ [ÇáÊÛÇÈä: 6]. ãóÚúäóì ÇáÇöÓúãö Ýöí ÍóÞøö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: «ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ Íóáöíãñï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 263]: æóÇááåõ Ûóäöíøñ ÚóãøóÇ íóÊóÕóÏøóÞõæäó Èöåö¡ Íóáöíãñ Íöíäó áóÇ íóÚúÌóáõ ÈöÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö Úóáóì ãóäú íóãõäøõ ÈöÕóÏóÞóÊöåö ãöäúßõã¡ æóíõÄÐöí ÝöíåóÇ ãóäú íóÊóÕóÏøóÞõ ÈöåóÇ Úóáóíúåö»[5]. æóÞóÇáó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ï´¿ æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó Ûóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 267]: «æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøó Çááåó ÚÒ æÌá Ûóäöíøñ Úóäú ÕóÏóÞóÇÊößõãú æóÚóäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóãóÑóßõãú ÈöåóÇ æóÝóÑóÖóåóÇ Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáößõãú ÑóÍúãóÉð ãöäúåõ áóßõãú áöíõÛúäöíó ÈöåóÇ ÚóÇÆöáóßõãú¡ æóíõÞóæøöíó ÈöåóÇ ÖóÚöíÝóßõã¡ æóíóÌúÒöáó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ãóËõæÈóÊóßõãú¡ áóÇ ãöäú ÍóÇÌóÉò Èöåö ÝöíåóÇ Åöáóíúßõãú»[6]. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌõ: «æóåõæó (ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) æóÇáúãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóÚöÒøö ÓõáúØóÇäöåö¡ æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ Åöáóì ÊóØæøõáöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇá ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾ [ãÍãÏ: 38][7]. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌöíøõ: «ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: ÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó Çááåõ áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ìóáøó æóÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú Ðóáößó ÚõáõæøðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ï´¿ Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ï´¾ [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 6]. æóßõáøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö Åöáóíúåö - Ìóáøó ÇöÓúãõåõ - ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15]. ÝóÇááåõ ÚÒ æÌá áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ÝöíãóÇ ÎóáóÞó æóíóÎúáõÞõ¡ æóÏóÈøóÑó æóíõÏóÈøöÑõ¡ æóíõÚúØöí æóíóÑúÒõÞõ¡ æóíóÞúÖöí æóíõãúÖöí¡ áóÇ ÑóÇÏøó áöÃóãúÑöåö æóåõæó Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ ÞóÏöíÑñ»[8]. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøõ: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇöÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÚóäú äõÕúÑóÊöåöã æóÊóÃúíöíÏöåöãú áöãõáúßöåö¡ ÝóáóíúÓóÊú Èöåö ÍóÇÌóÉñ Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóåõãú Åöáóíúåö ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ ãõÍúÊóÇÌõæäó ßóãóÇ æóÕóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÞóÇáó ÚóÒøó ãöäú ÞóÇÆöáò: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾ [ãÍãÏ: 38]»[9]. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍõáóíúãöíøõ: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) æóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÇáúßóÇãöáõ ÈöãóÇ áóåõ æóÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÑóÈøõäóÇ - Ìóáøó ËóäóÇÄõåõ - ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÉöº áóÃäøó ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉó äóÞúÕñ¡ æóÇáãõÍúÊóÇÌõ ÚóÇÌöÒñ ÚóãøóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÈúáõÛóåõ æóíõÏúÑößóåõ¡ æóáöáãõÍúÊóÇÌö Åöáóíúåö ÝóÖúáñ ÈöæõÌõæÏö[10] ãóÇ áóíúÓó ÚöäúÏó ÇáãõÍúÊóÇÌö. ÝóÇáäøóÞúÕõ ãóäúÝöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÞóÏöíãö Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò¡ æóÇáúÚóÌúÒõ ÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöÃóÍóÏò Úóáóíúåö ÝóÖúáñ[11]º ÅöÐú ßõáøõ ÔóíÁò ÓöæóÇåõ ÎóáúÞñ áóåõ æóÈöÏúÚñ ÃóÈúÏóÚóåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóãúáößõ ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ßóãóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ Çááåõ ÚÒ æÌá æóíõÏóÈøöÑõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÊóæóåøóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÇÊøöÓóÇÚñ áöÝóÖúáöåö Úóáóíúåö»[12]. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøõ: «åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáãõÊóãóßøöäõ ãöäú ÊóäúÝöíÐö ÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö Ýöí ãõÑÇÏóÇÊöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÕöÝóÉñ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåóÇ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö»[13]. æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáãóÞúÕöÏö: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) åõæó: ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞó áóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö áóÇ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö ÐóÇÊöåö¡ Èóáú íóßõæäõ ãõäóÒøóåðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÚöáóÇÞóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúÃóÛúíóÇÑö. Ýóãóäú ÊóÊóÚóáøóÞú ÐóÇÊõåõ Ãóæú ÕöÝóÇÊõ ÐóÇÊöåö ÈöÃóãúÑò ÎóÇÑöÌò ãöäú ÐóÇÊöåö íóÊóæóÞøóÝú Úóáóíúåö æõÌõæÏõåõ Ãóæú ßóãóÇáõåõ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ Åöáóì ÇáúßóÓúÈö». ÞóÇáó: «æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áóåõ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÊóÇÌõ æóãóÚóåõ ãóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ ÈöÇáãóÌóÇÒö¡ æóåõæó ÛóÇíóÉõ ãóÇ íóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäö Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÝóÞúÏõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÝóáóÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÈúÞó áóåõ ÍóÇÌóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóì Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Óõãøöí ÛóäöíøðÇ¡ æóáóæú áóãú íóÈúÞó áóåõ ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉöº áöãóÇ ÕóÍøó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÊóÕóæøóÑõ Ãóäú íõÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäú ßõáøö ÔóíÁò Óöæóì Çááåö áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÕúÝõ ÇáãõÛúäöí»[14]. 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