ãäÊÏíÇÊ ÞÕÇíÏ áíá

ãäÊÏíÇÊ ÞÕÇíÏ áíá (http://www.gsaidlil.com/vb/index.php)
-   …»●[ ÃÑæÇÍ ÃíãÜÜÜÇäíÜÜÜå ]●«… (http://www.gsaidlil.com/vb/forumdisplay.php?f=3)
-   -   ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ìóáøó ÌóáóÇáõåõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóÓóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåõ (http://www.gsaidlil.com/vb/showthread.php?t=232151)

ÅÑÊæÇÁ äÈÖ 01-15-2024 06:20 PM
ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ìóáøó ÌóáóÇáõåõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóÓóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåõ
 
ÇáúÛóäöíøõ
Ìóáøó ÌóáóÇáõåõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóÓóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåõ


ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí áõÛóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö:

ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö ÕöÝóÉñ ãõÔóÈøóåóÉñ áöãóäö ÇöÊøóÕóÝó ÈóÇáúÛöäóì¡ ÝöÚúáõåõ Ûóäöíó Ûöäðì æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì æóÇÛúÊóäóì Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ.



æóÇáúÛöäóì Ýöí ÍóÞøöäóÇ ÞöáøóÉõ ÇáúÇöÍúÊöíóÇÌö æóåõæó ãõÞóíøóÏñ äöÓúÈöíøñ¡ æóíóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÇõÓúÊõÄãöäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ æóÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝóåõ Çááåõ ÝöíåóÇ ßóÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÞúæóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí íóÏúÝóÚõ ÈöåóÇ Úóäú äóÝöÓöåö ÇáúÍóÇÌóÇÊö æóãõÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáÖøóÑõæÑöíøóÇÊö[1]¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÓøóÈöíáõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÓúÊóÃúÐöäõæäóßó æóåõãú ÃóÛúäöíóÇÁõï´¾ [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 93].



æóÇáúÛöäóì Åöäú ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÇáãóÔöíÆóÉö Ýóåõæó æóÕúÝõ ÝöÚúáò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÓÈÍÇäå æÊÚÇáì: ï´¿æóÅöäú ÎöÝúÊõãú ÚóíúáóÉð ÝóÓóæúÝó íõÛúäöíßõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáöåö Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Åöäøó Çááøóåó Úóáöíãñ Íóßöíãñï´¾ [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 28].



æóÞóæúáöåö: ï´¿æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÃóÛúäóì æóÃóÞúäóìï´¾ [ÇáäÌã: 48].



æóÅöäú áóãú íóÊóÚóáøóÞú ÈöÇáãóÔöíÆóÉö Ýóåõæó æóÕúÝõ ÐóÇÊò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Ûóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ï´¾ [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 97].



æóßóÞóæúáöåö: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15].



æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó ÇáãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÓõáúØóÇäöåö¡ æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ Åöáóì ÅöäúÚóÇãöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÝúÊóÞöÑõ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí ÔóíÁò¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÎúáõæÞò ãõÝúÊóÞöÑñ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÛöäóì ÇáãõØúáóÞõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõ Çááåó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåö ÛóíÑõåõ¡ æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÃóíúÖðÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÛúäöí ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÍößúãóÊöåö æóÇÈúÊöáóÇÆöåö.



æóÃóíøõ Ûóäíøò Óöæóì Çááåöö ÝóÛöäóÇåõ äöÓúÈöíøñ ãõÞóíøóÏñ¡ ÃóãøóÇ Ûöäóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Ýóåõæó ßóÇãöáñ ãõØúáóÞñ¡ æóãóåúãóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÇáãóÎúáõæÞõ Ýöí ÛöäóÇåõ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ Åöáóì Çááåöº áóÃóäøó Çááåó åõæó ÇáãõäúÝóÑöÏõ ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö æóÇáãõáúßö æóÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö Ýóåõæó ÇáãóÇáößõ áößõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ ÇáãõÊóÕóÑøöÝõ ÈöãóÔöíÆóÊöåö Ýöí ÎóáúÞöåö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ íõÚúØöí ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáöåö¡ æóÞóÓóãó áößõáøö ãóÎúáæÞò ãóÇ íóÎõÕøõåõ Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåö æóÑöÒúÞõåõ¡ æóÚóØóÇÄõåõ áóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ¡ æóãóÏóÏõåõ áóÇ íóäúÞóØöÚõ¡ æóÎóÒóÇÆöäõåõ ãóáúÃóì áóÇ ÊóäúÝóÏõ.



Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÑÖí Çááå Úäåº Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááåö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÞóÇáó: «íóÏõ Çááåö ãóáúÃóì áóÇ íóÛöíÖõåóÇ äóÝóÞóÉñ¡ ÓóÍøóÇÁõ Çááøóíúáó æóÇáäøóåóÇÑó¡ ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú ãóÇ ÃóäúÝóÞó ãõäúÐõ ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÛöÖú ãóÇ Ýöí íóÏöåö¡ ÚóÑúÔõåõ Úóáóì ÇáãóÇÁö¡ æóÈöíóÏöåö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÇáúãöíÒóÇäõ íóÎúÝöÖõ æóíóÑúÝóÚõ»[2].



æóÚöäúÏó ãõÓúáöãò ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÇáúÛöÝóÇÑöíøö ÑÖí Çááå Úäåº Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÞóÇáó ÝöíãóÇ Ñóæóì Úóäö Çááåö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì: «íóÇ ÚöÈóÇÏöí áóæú Ãóäøó Ãóæøóáóßõãú æóÂÎöÑóßõãú¡ æóÅöäúÓóßõãú æóÌöäøóßõãú ÞóÇãõæÇ Ýöí ÕóÚöíÏò æóÇÍöÏò ÝóÓóÃóáõæäöí¡ ÝóÃóÚúØóíúÊõ ßõáøó ÅöäúÓóÇäò ãóÓúÃóáóÊóåõ ãóÇ äóÞóÕó Ðóáößó ãóãøóÇ ÚöäúÏöí ÅöáøóÇ ßóãóÇ íóäúÞõÕõ ÇáúãöÎúíóØõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÏúÎöáó ÇáúÈóÍúÑó¡ íóÇ ÚöÈóÇÏöí ÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÃóÚúãóÇáõßõãú ÃõÍúÕöíåóÇ áóßõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÃõæóÝøöíßõãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ¡ Ýóãóäú æóÌóÏó ÎóíúÑðÇ ÝóáúíóÍúãóÏö Çááåó¡ æóãóäú æóÌóÏó ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó ÝóáóÇ íóáõæãóäøó ÅöáøóÇ äóÝúÓóåõ»[3].



ÝóÇáúÛóäöíøõ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö æóÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö åõæó Çááåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó áöÃóÍóÏò ÓöæóÇåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ ÇáãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ æóÇÊøöÕóÇÝõ ÛóíúÑö Çááåö ÈóÇáúÛöäóì áóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ßóæúäó ÇáúÍóÞøö ãõÊóæóÍøöÏðÇ Ýöí ÛöäóÇåõº áóÃóäøó ÇáúÛöäóì Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑöåö ãõÞóíøóÏñ¡ æóÝöí ÍóÞøö Çááåö ãõØúáóÞñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ æóÇÖöÍñ ãóÚúáõæãñ¡ æóÐóáößó ãõÖúØóÑöÏñ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóæúÕóÇÝöåö ÈöÇááøõÒõæãö[4].



æõÑõæÏõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö:

æóÑóÏó ÇáúÇÓúãõ Ýöí ËóãóÇäö ÚóÔóÑóÉó ÂíóÉð ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ãöäúåóÇ: Þóæúáõ Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ Þóæúáñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ æóãóÛúÝöÑóÉñ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ÕóÏóÞóÉò íóÊúÈóÚõåóÇ ÃóÐðì æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ Íóáöíãñ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 263].



æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÑóÈøõßó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ðõæ ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉöï´¾ [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 133].



æÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ æóáóÏðÇ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ áóåõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖöï´¾[íæäÓ: 68].



æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿Åöäú ÊóßúÝõÑõæÇ ÃóäúÊõãú æóãóäú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñï´¾ [ÅÈÑÇåíã: 8].



æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿æóãóäú ÔóßóÑó ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÔúßõÑõ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÈøöí Ûóäöíøñ ßóÑöíãñï´¾ [Çáäãá: 40].



æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿æóãóäú ÌóÇåóÏó ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÌóÇåöÏõ áöäóÝúÓöåö Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäóï´¾ [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 6].



æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15].



æóÞóæúáõåõ: ï´¿ÝóßóÝóÑõæÇ æóÊóæóáøóæúÇ æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì Çááøóåõ æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñï´¾ [ÇáÊÛÇÈä: 6].



ãóÚúäóì ÇáÇöÓúãö Ýöí ÍóÞøö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:

ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: «ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ Íóáöíãñï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 263]: æóÇááåõ Ûóäöíøñ ÚóãøóÇ íóÊóÕóÏøóÞõæäó Èöåö¡ Íóáöíãñ Íöíäó áóÇ íóÚúÌóáõ ÈöÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö Úóáóì ãóäú íóãõäøõ ÈöÕóÏóÞóÊöåö ãöäúßõã¡ æóíõÄÐöí ÝöíåóÇ ãóäú íóÊóÕóÏøóÞõ ÈöåóÇ Úóáóíúåö»[5].



æóÞóÇáó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ï´¿ æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó Ûóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 267]: «æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøó Çááåó ÚÒ æÌá Ûóäöíøñ Úóäú ÕóÏóÞóÇÊößõãú æóÚóäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóãóÑóßõãú ÈöåóÇ æóÝóÑóÖóåóÇ Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáößõãú ÑóÍúãóÉð ãöäúåõ áóßõãú áöíõÛúäöíó ÈöåóÇ ÚóÇÆöáóßõãú¡ æóíõÞóæøöíó ÈöåóÇ ÖóÚöíÝóßõã¡ æóíóÌúÒöáó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ãóËõæÈóÊóßõãú¡ áóÇ ãöäú ÍóÇÌóÉò Èöåö ÝöíåóÇ Åöáóíúßõãú»[6].



æóÞóÇáó ÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌõ: «æóåõæó (ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) æóÇáúãõÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóÚöÒøö ÓõáúØóÇäöåö¡ æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ Åöáóì ÊóØæøõáöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇá ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾ [ãÍãÏ: 38][7].



æóÞóÇáó ÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌöíøõ: «ÇáúÛóäöíøõ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: ÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó Çááåõ áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ìóáøó æóÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú Ðóáößó ÚõáõæøðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ï´¿ Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÛóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ï´¾ [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 6].



æóßõáøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö Åöáóíúåö - Ìóáøó ÇöÓúãõåõ - ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15].



ÝóÇááåõ ÚÒ æÌá áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ÝöíãóÇ ÎóáóÞó æóíóÎúáõÞõ¡ æóÏóÈøóÑó æóíõÏóÈøöÑõ¡ æóíõÚúØöí æóíóÑúÒõÞõ¡ æóíóÞúÖöí æóíõãúÖöí¡ áóÇ ÑóÇÏøó áöÃóãúÑöåö æóåõæó Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ ÞóÏöíÑñ»[8].



æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøõ: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇöÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÚóäú äõÕúÑóÊöåöã æóÊóÃúíöíÏöåöãú áöãõáúßöåö¡ ÝóáóíúÓóÊú Èöåö ÍóÇÌóÉñ Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóåõãú Åöáóíúåö ÝõÞóÑóÇÁñ ãõÍúÊóÇÌõæäó ßóãóÇ æóÕóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÞóÇáó ÚóÒøó ãöäú ÞóÇÆöáò: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾ [ãÍãÏ: 38]»[9].



æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍõáóíúãöíøõ: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) æóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÇáúßóÇãöáõ ÈöãóÇ áóåõ æóÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÑóÈøõäóÇ - Ìóáøó ËóäóÇÄõåõ - ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÉöº áóÃäøó ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉó äóÞúÕñ¡ æóÇáãõÍúÊóÇÌõ ÚóÇÌöÒñ ÚóãøóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÈúáõÛóåõ æóíõÏúÑößóåõ¡ æóáöáãõÍúÊóÇÌö Åöáóíúåö ÝóÖúáñ ÈöæõÌõæÏö[10] ãóÇ áóíúÓó ÚöäúÏó ÇáãõÍúÊóÇÌö.



ÝóÇáäøóÞúÕõ ãóäúÝöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÞóÏöíãö Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò¡ æóÇáúÚóÌúÒõ ÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöÃóÍóÏò Úóáóíúåö ÝóÖúáñ[11]º ÅöÐú ßõáøõ ÔóíÁò ÓöæóÇåõ ÎóáúÞñ áóåõ æóÈöÏúÚñ ÃóÈúÏóÚóåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóãúáößõ ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ßóãóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ Çááåõ ÚÒ æÌá æóíõÏóÈøöÑõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÊóæóåøóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÇÊøöÓóÇÚñ áöÝóÖúáöåö Úóáóíúåö»[12].



æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøõ: «åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáãõÊóãóßøöäõ ãöäú ÊóäúÝöíÐö ÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö Ýöí ãõÑÇÏóÇÊöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÕöÝóÉñ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåóÇ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö»[13].



æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáãóÞúÕöÏö: «(ÇáúÛóäöíøõ) åõæó: ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞó áóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö áóÇ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö ÐóÇÊöåö¡ Èóáú íóßõæäõ ãõäóÒøóåðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÚöáóÇÞóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúÃóÛúíóÇÑö.



Ýóãóäú ÊóÊóÚóáøóÞú ÐóÇÊõåõ Ãóæú ÕöÝóÇÊõ ÐóÇÊöåö ÈöÃóãúÑò ÎóÇÑöÌò ãöäú ÐóÇÊöåö íóÊóæóÞøóÝú Úóáóíúåö æõÌõæÏõåõ Ãóæú ßóãóÇáõåõ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ Åöáóì ÇáúßóÓúÈö».



ÞóÇáó: «æóÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áóåõ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÊóÇÌõ æóãóÚóåõ ãóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ ÈöÇáãóÌóÇÒö¡ æóåõæó ÛóÇíóÉõ ãóÇ íóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäö Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑö Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÝóÞúÏõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÝóáóÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÈúÞó áóåõ ÍóÇÌóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóì Çááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Óõãøöí ÛóäöíøðÇ¡ æóáóæú áóãú íóÈúÞó áóåõ ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉöº áöãóÇ ÕóÍøó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÇááøóåõ ÇáúÛóäöíøõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõï´¾¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÊóÕóæøóÑõ Ãóäú íõÓúÊóÛúäóì Úóäú ßõáøö ÔóíÁò Óöæóì Çááåö áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÕúÝõ ÇáãõÛúäöí»[14].



ÇáúÛöäóì ÇáúãõØúáóÞõ ááåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:

ÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇöÈúäõ ÇáúÞóíøöãö ÑÍãå Çááå ÊóÚóÇáóì:

«ÞóÇáó Çááåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ: ï´¿íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóäöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15]¡ Èóíøóäó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäøó ÝóÞúÑó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö Åöáóíúåö ÃóãúÑñ ÐóÇÊöíøñ áöåõãú áóÇ íóäúÝóßøõ Úóäúåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ßóæúäóåõ ÛóäöíøðÇ ÍóãöíÏðÇ ÐóÇÊöíøñ áóåõ¡ ÝöÛöäóÇåõ æóÍóãúÏõåõ ËóÇÈöÊñ áóåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö áóÇ áöÃóãúÑò ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ¡ æóÝóÞúÑõ ãóäú ÓöæóÇåõ Åöáóíúåö ËóÇÈöÊñ áöÐóÇÊöåö áóÇ áöÃóãúÑò ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÚóáøóáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÈöÍõÏõæËò æóáóÇ ÅöãúßóÇäò¡ Èóáú åõæó ÐóÇÊöíøñ áöáúÝóÞöíÑö¡ ÝóÍóÇÌóÉõ ÇáúÚóÈúÏö Åöáóì ÑóÈöåö áöÐóÇÊöåö áóÇ áöÚöáøóÉò ÃóæúÌóÈóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉó¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó Ûöäóì ÇáÑøóÈö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö áóÇ áöÃóãúÑò ÃóæúÌóÈó ÛöäóÇåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÔóíúÎõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇöÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíóÉó:

æóÇáúÝóÞúÑõ áöí æóÕúÝõ ÐóÇÊò áóÇÒöãñ ÃóÈóÏðÇ
ßóãóÇ ÇáúÛöäóì ÃóÈóÏðÇ æóÕúÝñ áóåõ ÐóÇÊöí


ÝóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÝóÞöíÑñ ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö ÈöÇáÐøóÇÊö áóÇ ÈöÚöáøóÉò¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÇ íõÐúßóÑõ æóíõÞóÑøóÑõ ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÝóÞúÑö æóÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö Ýóåöíó ÃóÏöáøóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÞúÑö æóÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö áóÇ Úöáóáó áöÐóáößóº ÅöÐú ãóÇ ÈöÇáÐøóÇÊö áóÇ íõÚóáøóáõ¡ ÝóÇáúÝóÞöíÑõ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ Åöáóì ÇáúÛóäöíøö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóãóÇ íõÐúßóÑõ ãöäú ÅöãúßóÇäò æóÍõÏõæËò æóÇÍúÊöíóÇÌò Ýóåöíó ÃóÏöáøóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÞúÑö áóÇ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈñ áóåõ.



æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÚöáøóÉö ÇÍúÊöíóÇÌö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÈö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÞóæúáóíäö ÇááøóÐóíúäö íóÐúßõÑõåõãóÇ ÇáúÝóáóÇÓöÝóÉõ æóÇáãõÊóßóáøöãõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÝóáóÇÓöÝóÉó ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÚöáøóÉõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäõ¡ æóÇáãõÊóßóáøöãõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÚöáøóÉõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÇáúÍõÏõæËõ.



æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäó æóÇáúÍõÏõæËó ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäö¡ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ Ïóáöíáõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö æóÇáúÇÝúÊöÞóÇÑö¡ æóÝóÞúÑõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö Åöáóì Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÃóãúÑñ ÐóÇÊöíøñ áóÇ íõÚóáøóáõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÛóäöíøö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö¡ Ëõãøó íõÓúÊóÏóáøõ ÈÅöãúßóÇäöåö æóÍõÏõæËöåö æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÞúÑö.



æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøóå ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö æóÐóæóÇÊöåöã ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÝóÞöíÑóÉñ Åöáóíúåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú ÐóÇÊöåö ÇáãõÞóÏøóÓóÉö æóÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö Ãóäøóåõ Ûóäöíøñ ÍóãöíÏñ¡ ÝóÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáãõØúáóÞõ ãöäú ßõáøö æóÌúåò ËóÇÈöÊñ áöÐóæóÇÊöåöã æóÍóÞóÇÆöÞöåöã ãöäú ÍóíúËõ åöíó¡ æóÇáúÛöäóì ÇáãõØúáóÞõ ãöäú ßõáøö æóÌúåò ËóÇÈöÊñ áöÐóÇÊöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö ãöäú ÍóíúËõ åöíó¡ ÝóíóÓúÊóÍöíáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ¡ æóíóÓúÊóÍöíáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÑøóÈøõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÛóäöíøðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ íóÓúÊóÍöíáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÈúÏðÇ æóÇáÑøóÈøõ ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÈøðÇ.



ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö Åöáóì Çááåö ÏóÑóÌóÇÊñ:

ÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑöÝó åóÐóÇ ÝóÇáúÝóÞúÑ ÝóÞúÑóÇäö:

ÝóÞúÑñ ÇöÖúØöÑóÇÑöíøñ¡ æóåõæó ÝóÞúÑñ ÚóÇãøñ áóÇ ÎõÑõæÌó áöÈóÑøò æóáóÇ ÝóÇÌöÑò Úóäúåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ áóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ãóÏúÍðÇ æóáóÇ ÐóãøðÇ æóáóÇ ËóæóÇÈðÇ æóáóÇ ÚöÞóÇÈðÇ¡ Èóáú åõæó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ßóæúäö ÇáãóÎúáõæÞö ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ æóãóÕúäõæÚðÇ.



æóÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÝóÞúÑñ ÇöÎúÊöíóÇÑíøñ åõæó äóÊöíÌóÉõ Úöáúãóíúäö ÔóÑöíÝóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÈöÑóÈøöåö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ãóÚúÑöÝóÊõåõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóãóÊóì ÍóÕóáóÊú áóåõ åóÇÊóÇäö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÊóÇäö ÃóäúÊóÌóÊóÇ ÝóÞúÑðÇ åõæó Úóíúäõ ÛöäóÇåõ æóÚöäúæóÇäõ ÝóáóÇÍöåö æóÓóÚóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóÊóÝóÇæõÊõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÞúÑö ÈóÍóÓóÈö ÊóÝóÇæõÊöåöã Ýöí åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÊóíúäö...



Ýóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈöÇáúÛöäóì ÇáãõØúáóÞö ÚóÑóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÇáúÝóÞúÑö ÇáãõØúáóÞö¡ æóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈóÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉö ÚóÑóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÇáÚóÌúÒö ÇáÊøóÇãøö¡ æóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÒøö ÇáÊøóÇãøö ÚóÑóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÇáãóÓúßóäóÉö ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉö¡ æóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáÊøóÇãøö æóÇáúÍößúãóÉö ÚóÑóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÇáúÌóåúáö¡ ÝóÇááåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÇáúÚóÈúÏó ãöäú ÈóØúäö Ãõãøöåö áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÔóíÁò¡ æóáóÇ íóãúáößõ ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÚóØóÇÁò æóáóÇ ãóäúÚò æóáóÇ ÖõÑøò æóáóÇ äóÝúÚò æóáóÇ ÔóíÁò ÇáúÈóÊøóÉó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÝóÞúÑõåõ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáö Åöáóì ãóÇ Èöåö ßóãóÇáõåõ ÃóãúÑðÇ ãóÔúåõæÏðÇ ãóÍúÓõæÓðÇ áößõáøö ÃóÍóÏò¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóåõ ãöäú áóæóÇÒöãö ÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóãóÇ ÈöÇáÐøóÇÊö ÏóÇÆöãñ ÈöÏóæóÇãöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó áóãú íóäúÊóÞöáõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáÑøõÊúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö æóÇáúÛöäóì¡ Èóáú áóãú íóÒóáú ÚóÈúÏðÇ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Åöáóì ÈóÇÑöÆöåö æóÝóÇØöÑöåö.



ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÓúÈóÛó Úóáóíúåö äöÚúãóÊóåõ¡ æóÃóÝóÇÖó Úóáóíúåö ÑóÍúãóÊóåõ¡ æóÓóÇÞó Åöáóíúåö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ßóãóÇáö æõÌõæÏöåö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ æóÈóÇØöäðÇ¡ æóÎóáóÚó Úóáóíúåö ãóáóÇÈöÓó ÅöäúÚóÇãöåö¡ æóÌóÚóáó áóåõ ÇáÓøóãúÚó æóÇáúÈóÕóÑó æóÇáúÝõÄóÇÏó¡ æóÚóáøóãóåõ æÃóÞúÏóÑóåõ æóÕóÑøóÝóåõ æóÍóÑøóßóåõ¡ æóãóßøóäóåõ ãöäö ÇÓúÊöÎúÏóÇãö Èóäöí ÌöäúÓöåö¡ æóÓóÎøóÑó áóåõ ÇáúÎóíúáó æÇáúÅöÈöáó¡ æóÓóáøóØóåõ Úóáóì ÏóæóÇÈøö ÇáãóÇÁö¡ æóÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇáö ÇáØøóíúÑö ãöäó ÇáúåóæóÇÁö¡ æóÞóåúÑö ÇáúæõÍõæÔö ÇáúÚóÇÏöíóÉö¡ æóÍóÝúÑö ÇáúÃóäúåóÇÑö¡ æóÛóÑúÓö ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÇÑö¡ æóÔóÞøö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÊóÚúáöíóÉö ÇáúÈöäóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍóíøõáö Úóáóì ãóÕóÇáöÍåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍóÑøõÒö æóÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÙö áöãóÇ íõÄúÐöíåö¡ Ùóäøó ÇáúãöÓúßöíäõ Ãóäøó áóåõ äóÕöíÈðÇ ãöäó Çáãõáúßö¡ æóÇÏøóÚóì áöäóÝúÓöåö ãõáúßðÇ ãóÚó Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ¡ æóÑóÃóì äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑö Êöáúßó ÇáúÚóíúäö ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ æóäóÓöíó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãöäú ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÅöÚúÏóÇãö æóÇáúÝóÞúÑö æóÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö¡ ÍóÊóì ßóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú åõæó Ðóáößó ÇáúÝóÞöíÑó ÇáãõÍúÊóÇÌó¡ Èóáú ßóÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÔóÎúÕðÇ ÂÎóÑó ÛóíúÑóåõ.



ßóãóÇ Ñóæóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Ýöí ãõÓúäóÏöåö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÈõÓúÑö Èöäú ÌóÍøóÇÔò ÇáúÞõÑóÔöíøö Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááåö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÈóÕóÞó íóæúãðÇ Ýöí ßóÝøöåö ÝóæóÖóÚó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöÕúÈõÚóåõ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó Çááåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: «íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÂÏóãó Ãóäøóì ÊõÚúÌöÒõäöí æóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúÊõßó ãöäú ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÍóÊóì ÅöÐóÇ ÓóæøóíúÊõßó æóÚóÏóáúÊõßó ãóÔóíúÊó Èóíúäó ÈõÑúÏóíúäö æóáöáúÃóÑúÖö ãöäúßó æóÆöíÏñ¡ ÝóÌóãóÚúÊó æóãóäóÚúÊó ÍóÊóì ÅöÐóÇ ÈóáóÛóÊö ÇáÊøóÑóÇÞöíó ÞõáúÊó: ÃóÊóÕóÏøóÞõ¡ æóÃóäøóì ÃóæóÇäõ ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö»[15]¡ æóãöäú åóåõäóÇ ÎõÐöáó ãóäú ÎõÐöáó æóæõÝøöÞó ãóäú æõÝøöÞó¡ ÝóÍõÌöÈó ÇáãóÎúÐõæáõ Úóäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö æóäóÓöíó äóÝúÓóåõ ÝóäóÓöíó ÝóÞúÑóåõ æóÍóÇÌóÊóåõ æóÖóÑõæÑóÊóåõ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö¡ ÝóØóÛóì æóÚóÊóÇ¡ ÝóÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÔøöÞúæóÉõ.



ÞóÇáó Çááåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ ßóáøóÇ Åöäøó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó áóíóØúÛóì * Ãóäú ÑóÂåõ ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì ï´¾ [ÇáÚáÞ: 6¡ 7].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÃóÚúØóì æóÇÊøóÞóì * æóÕóÏøóÞó ÈöÇáúÍõÓúäóì * ÝóÓóäõíóÓøöÑõåõ áöáúíõÓúÑóì * æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÈóÎöáó æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì * æóßóÐøóÈó ÈöÇáúÍõÓúäóì * ÝóÓóäõíóÓøöÑõåõ áöáúÚõÓúÑóìï´¾ [Çááíá: 5 - 10].



ÝóÃóßúãóáõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö Ãóßúãóáõåõãú ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉð æóÃóÚúÙóãõåõãú ÔõåõæÏðÇ áöÝóÞúÑöåö æóÖóÑõæÑóÊöåö æóÍóÇÌóÊöåö Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö æóÚóÏóãö ÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÆöåö Úóäúåõ ØóÑúÝóÉó Úóíúäò¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÏõÚóÇÆöåö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã: «ÃóÕúáöÍú áöí ÔÃúäöí ßõáøóåõ¡ æóáóÇ Êóßöáúäöí Åöáóì äóÝúÓöí ØóÑúÝóÉó Úóíúäò¡ æóáóÇ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú ÎóáúÞößó»[16]¡ æóßóÇäó íóÏúÚõæ: «íóÇ ãõÞóáøöÈó ÇáúÞõáõæÈö ËóÈøöÊú ÞóáúÈöí Úóáóì Ïöíäöß»[17]¡ íóÚúáóãõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã Ãóäøó ÞóáúÈóåõ ÈöíóÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÚÒ æÌá áóÇ íóãúáößõ ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÃóäøó Çááåó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ íóÕúÑöÝõåõ ßóãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ.



ßóíúÝó æóåõæó íóÊúáõæ Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäú ËóÈøóÊúäóÇßó áóÞóÏú ßöÏúÊó ÊóÑúßóäõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÔóíúÆðÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ï´¾ [ÇáÅÓÑÇÁ: 74]¡ ÝóÖóÑõæÑóÊõåõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö æóÝóÇÞóÊõåõ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö Èöåö¡ æóÍóÓóÈö ÞõÑúÈöåö ãöäúåõ æóãóäúÒöáóÊöåö ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÈóÏóÇ ãöäúåõ áöãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãóÇ íóÑúÔóÍõ ãóäú ÙóÇåöÑö ÇáúæöÚóÇÁö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÞúÑóÈó ÇáúÎóáúÞö Åöáóì Çááåö æóÓöíáóÉð æóÃóÚúÙóãóåõãú ÚöäúÏóåõ ÌóÇåðÇ æóÃóÑúÝóÚóåõãú ÚöäúÏóåõ ãóäúÒöáóÉðº áöÊóßúãöíáöåö ãóÞóÇãó ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö æóÇáúÝóÞúÑö Åöáóì ÑóÈøöåö¡ æóßóÇäó íóÞõæáõ áóåõãú: «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ¡ ãóÇ ÃõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú ÊóÑúÝóÚõæäöí ÝóæúÞó ãóäúÒöáóÊöí¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏñ»[18].



æóßóÇäó íóÞõæáõ: «áóÇ ÊõØúÑõæäöí ßóãóÇ ÃóØúÑóÊö ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÇáãóÓöíÍó ÇÈúäó ãóÑúíóã¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏñ ÝóÞõæáõæÇ: ÚóÈúÏõ Çááåö æóÑóÓõæáõåõ»[19].



æóÐóßøóÑóåõ Çááåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÈöÓöãóÉö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö Ýöí ÃóÔúÑóÝö ãóÞóÇãóÇÊöåö¡ ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö æóãóÞóÇãö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö æóãóÞóÇãö ÇáÊøóÍóÏøöí¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ï´¿ÓõÈúÍóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÓúÑóì ÈöÚóÈúÏöåö áóíúáðÇï´¾ [ÇáÅÓÑÇÁ: 1].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿æóÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÞóÇãó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö íóÏúÚõæåõï´¾ [ÇáÌä: 19].



æóÞóÇá: ï´¿æóÅöäú ßõäúÊõãú Ýöí ÑóíúÈò ãöãøóÇ äóÒøóáúäóÇ Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏöäóÇï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 23].



æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö: «Åöäøó ÇáãóÓöíÍó íóÞõæáõ áóåãú: ÇÐúåóÈõæÇ Åöáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò ÚóÈúÏò ÛóÝóÑó Çááåõ áóåõ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ÐóäúÈöåö æóãóÇ ÊóÃóÎøóÑó»[20]¡ ÝóäóÇáó Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÞóÇãó ÈößóãóÇáö ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊöåö ááåö æóÈößóãóÇáö ãóÛúÝöÑóÉö Çááåö áóåõ.



ÝóÊóÃóãøóáú Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö: ï´¿ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì Çááøóåöï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 15] ÈöÇÓúãö Çááåö Ïõæäó ÇöÓúãö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö áöíõÄúÐöäó ÈóäóæúÚóí ÇáúÝóÞúÑöº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóæúÚóÇäö: ÝóÞúÑñ Åöáóì ÑõÈõæÈöíøóÊöåö æóåõæó ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö ÈöÃóÓúÑöåóÇ¡ æóÝóÞúÑñ Åöáóì ÃõáõæåöíøóÊöåö æóåõæó ÝóÞúÑõ ÃóäúÈöíóÇÆöåö æóÑõÓõáöåö æóÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÝöÚõ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí íõÔöíÑõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÞóæúãõ æóíóÊóßóáøóãõæäó Úóáóíúåö æóíõÔöíÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö åõæó ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáúÎóÇÕøõ áóÇ ÇáúÚóÇãøõ.



æóÞóÏö ÇöÎúÊóáóÝóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõåõã Úóäúåõ æóæóÕúÝõåõã áóåõ¡ æóßõáøñ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäúåõ ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÐóæúÞöåö æóÞõÏúÑóÊöåö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÚöÈöíÑö.



ÞóÇáó ÔóíúÎõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøõ: «ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇöÓúãñ áöáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö¡ æóåõæó Úóáóì ËóáóÇËö ÏóÑóÌóÇÊò: ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì: ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÒøõåøóÇÏö¡ æóåõæó äóÝúÖõ ÇáúíóÏóíúäö ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÖóÈúØðÇ Ãóæú ØóáóÈðÇ¡ æóÅöÓúßóÇÊõ ÇááøöÓóÇäö ÚóäúåóÇ ÐóãøðÇ Ãóæú ãóÏúÍðÇ¡ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉõ ãöäúåóÇ ØóáóÈðÇ Ãóæú ÊóÑúßðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóáøóãõæÇ Ýöí ÔóÑóÝöåö¡ ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ: ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åöáóì ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáúÝóÖúáö¡ æóåõæó íõæÑöËõ ÇáúÎóáóÇÕó ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóíóÞúØóÚõ ÔõåõæÏó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ æóíõãóÍøöÕõ ãöäú ÃóÏúäóÇÓö ãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊö¡ æóÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ: ÕöÍøóÉõ ÇáúÇöÖúØöÑóÇÑö æóÇáúæõÞõæÚõ Ýöí íóÏö ÇáÊøóÞóØøõÚö ÇáúæóÍúÏóÇäöí æóÇáúÇÍúÊöÈóÇÓõ Ýöí ÈóíúÏóÇÁó ÞóíúÏó ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÕøõæÝöíøóÉö».



ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: «ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇöÓúãñ áöáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö» íóÚúäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÞöíÑó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÌóÑøöÏõ ÑõÄúíóÉó Çáãõáúßö áöãóÇáößöåö ÇáÍóÞøö¡ ÝóíóÑóì äóÝúÓóåõ ãóãúáõæßóÉð ááåö¡ áóÇ íóÑóì äóÝúÓóåõ ãóÇáößðÇ ÈöæóÌúåò ãöäó ÇáúæõÌõæåö¡ æóíóÑóì ÃóÚúãóÇáóåõ ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøóÉð Úóáóíúåö ÈöãõÞúÊóÖóì ßóæúäöåö ãóãúáõæßðÇ ÚóÈúÏðÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö ÓóíøöÏõåõ¡ ÝóäóÝúÓõåõ ãóãúáõæßóÉñ¡ æóÃóÚúãóÇáõåõ ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøóÉñ ÈöãõæÌöÈö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ãóÇáößðÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóáóÇ áöÔóíÁò ãöäú ÐóÑøóÇÊöåö æóáóÇ áöÔóíÁò ãöäú ÃóÚúãóÇáöåö¡ Èóáú ßõáøõ Ðóáößó ãóãúáõæßñ Úóáóíúåö ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøñ Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóÑóÌõáò ÇöÔúÊóÑóì ÚóÈúÏðÇ ÈöÎóÇáöÕö ãóÇáöåö Ëõãøó Úóáøóãóåõ ÈóÚúÖó ÇáÕøóäóÇÆöÚö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóÚóáøóãóåóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÇöÚúãóáú æóÃóÏøö Åöáóíøó ÝóáóíúÓó áóßó Ýöí äóÝúÓößó æóáóÇ Ýöí ßóÓúÈößó ÔóíÁñ¡ Ýóáóæú ÍóÕøóáó ÈöíóÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ãóÇ ÍóÕøóáó áóãú íóÑó áóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ Èóáú íóÑóÇåõ ßóÇáúæóÏöíÚóÉö Ýöí íóÏöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóãúæóÇáõ ÃõÓúÊóÇÐöåö æóÎóÒóÇÆöäõåõ æóäöÚóãõåõ ÈöíóÏö ÚóÈúÏöåö¡ ãõÓúÊóæÏóÚðÇ ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝðÇ ÝöíåóÇ áöÓóíøöÏöåö áóÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááåö æóÑóÓõæáõåõ æóÎöíÑóÊõåõ ãöäú ÎóáúÞöåö: «æóÇááåö Åöäøöí áóÇ ÃõÚúØöí ÃóÍóÏðÇ æóáóÇ ÃóãúäóÚõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÞóÇÓöãñ¡ ÃóÖóÚõ ÍóíúËõ ÃõãöÑúÊõ»[21]¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝñ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÎóÒÇÆöäö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáãóÍúÖö ÊóÕóÑøõÝó ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÇáãóÍúÖö ÇáøóÐöí æóÙöíÝóÊõåõ ÊóäúÝöíÐõ ÃóæóÇãöÑó ÓóíøöÏöåö.



ÝóÇááåõ åõæó ÇáãóÇáößõ ÇáÍóÞøõ¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÇ ÈöíóÏö ÎóáúÞöåö åõæó ãöäú ÃóãúæóÇáöåö æóÃóãúáóÇßöåö æóÎóÒóÇÆöäöåö¡ ÃóÝóÇÖóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöã áöíóãúÊóÍöäóåõã Ýöí ÇáúÈóÐúáö æóÇáúÅöãúÓóÇßö¡ æóåóáú íóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì ÔóÇåöÏö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö ááåö ÚÒ æÌá¡ ÝóíóÈúÐõáõ ÃóÍóÏõåõã ÇáÔøóíÁó ÑóÛúÈóÉð Ýöí ËóæóÇÈö Çááåö æóÑóåúÈóÉð ãöäú ÚöÞóÇÈöåö æóÊóÞóÑøõÈðÇ Åöáóíúåö æóØóáóÈðÇ áöãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö¿ Ãóãú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÐúáõ æóÇáúÅöãúÓóÇßõ ãöäúåõãú ÕóÇÏöÑðÇ Úóäú ãõÑóÇÏö ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÛóáóÈóÉö Çáúåóæóì æóãõæÌöÈö ÇáØøóÈúÚö ÝóíõÚúØöí áöåóæóÇåõ æóíóãúäóÚõ áöåóæóÇåõ¿ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãõÊóÕöÑøöÝðÇ ÊóÕóÑøõÝó ÇáãóÇáößö áóÇ Çáãóãúáõæßö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãóÕúÏóÑõ ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö Çáúåóæóì æóãõÑóÇÏó ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóÛóÇíóÊõåõ ÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉó ÝöíãóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ãöäú ÌóÇåò Ãóæú ÑöÝúÚóÉò Ãóæú ãóäúÒöáóÉò Ãóæú ãóÏúÍò Ãóæú ÍóÙøò ãöäó ÇáúÍõÙõæÙö¡ Ãóæö ÇáÑøóåúÈóÉö ãöäú ÝóæúÊö ÔóíÁò ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö.



æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÕúÏóÑõ ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö æóÛóÇíóÊõåõ åõæó åóÐöåö ÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉõ æóÇáÑøóåúÈóÉõ ÑóÃóì äóÝúÓóåõ - áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó - ãóÇáößðÇ¡ ÝóÇÏøóÚóì Çáãõáúßó æóÎóÑóÌó Úóäú ÍóÏøö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö æóäóÓöíó ÝóÞúÑóåõ¡ æóáóæú ÚóÑóÝó äóÝúÓóåõ ÍóÞøó ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö áóÚóáöãó ÃóäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóãúáõæßñ ãõãúÊóÍóäñ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ãóáößò ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáì: ï´¿Ëõãøó ÌóÚóáúäóÇßõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú áöäóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäóï´¾[íæäÓ: 14].



æóÍóÞöíÞñ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáãõãúÊóÍóäö Ãóäú íõæßóáó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÇöÏøóÚóÊúåõ äóÝúÓõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÇáóÇÊö æóÇáãóáóßóÇÊö ãóÚó ÇáãóÇáößö ÇáÍóÞøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõº ÝóÅöäøó ãóäö ÇÏøóÚóì áöäóÝúÓöåö ÍóÇáóÉð ãóÚó Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æõßöáó ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ æóãóäú æõßöáó Åöáóì ÔóíÁò ÛóíúÑó Çááåö ÝóÞóÏú ÝõÊöÍó áóåõ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúåóáóÇßö æóÇáúÚóØúÈö¡ æóÃõÛúáöÞó Úóäúåõ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÝóæúÒö æóÇáÓøóÚóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßõáøó ÔóíÁò ãóÇ Óöæóì Çááåö ÈóÇØöáñ¡ æóãóäú æõßöáó Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ÈóØóáó Úóãóáõåõ æóÖóáøó ÓóÚúíõåõ æóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍöÑúãóÇäö.



Ýóßõáøõ ãóäú ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÛóíÑö Çááåö ÇäúÞóØóÚó Èöåö ÃóÍúæóÌó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Åöáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ÅöÐú ÊóÈóÑøóÃó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøõÈöÚõæÇ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ æóÑóÃóæõÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó æóÊóÞóØøóÚóÊú Èöåöãõ ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈõï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 166]¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÞóØøóÚóÊú Èöåöã åöíó ÇáúÚóáóÇÆöÞõ ÇáøóÊöí ÈöÛóíúÑö Çááåö æóáöÛóíúÑö Çááåö¡ ÊóÞóØóÚóÊú Èöåöã ÃóÍúæóÌó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó áóÃóóäøó Êöáúßó ÇáúÛóÇíóÇÊö áóãøóÇ ÇöÖúãóÍóáøóÊú[22] æóÈóØóáóÊú ÇöÖúãóÍóáøóÊú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈõåóÇ æóÈóØóáóÊúº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÊóÈúØõáõ ÈöÈõØúáóÇäö ÛóÇíóÇÊöåóÇ æóÊóÖúãóÍöáøõ ÈöÇÖúãöÍúáóÇáöåóÇ¡ æóßõáøõ ÔóíÁò åóÇáößñ ÅöáøóÇ æóÌúåóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ¡ æóßõáøõ Úóãóáò ÈóÇØöáñ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö æóÌúåõåõ¡ æóßõáøõ ÓóÚúíò áöÛóíúÑöåö ÈóÇØöáñ æóãõÖúãóÍöáøñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ íõÔóÇåöÏõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãöäó ÇöÖúãöÍúáóÇáö ÇáÓøóÚúíö æóÇáúÚóãóáö æóÇáúßóÏøö æóÇáúÎöÏúãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÝúÚóáõåóÇ ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ áöãõÊóæóáøò Ãóæú ÃóãöíÑò Ãóæú ÕóÇÍöÈö ãóäúÕöÈò Ãóæú ãóÇáò¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÒóÇáó Ðóáößó ÇáøóÐöí Úóãöáó áóåõ ÚõÏöãó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóãóáõ æóÈóØóáó Ðóáößó ÇáÓøóÚúíõ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó Ýöí íóÏöåö Óöæóì ÇáúÍöÑúãóÇäö.



æóáöåóÐóÇ íóÞõæáõ Çááåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö: ÃóáóíúÓó ÚóÏúáðÇ ãöäøöí Ãóäøöí Ãõæóáøöí ßõáøó ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõã ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÊóæóáøóì Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóíóÊóæóáøóì ÚõÈøóÇÏõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö ÃóÕúäóÇãóåõãú æóÃóæúËóÇäóåõãú ÝóÊóÊóÓóÇÞóØõ Èöåöã Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóíóÊóæóáøóì ÚóÇÈöÏõæ ÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÇáÞóãóÑö æóÇáäøõÌõæãö ÂáöåóÊóåõã¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßõæøöÑóÊö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ æóÇäúÊóËóÑóÊö ÇáäøõÌõæãõ ÇÖúãóÍóáøóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ æóÈóØóáóÊú æóÕóÇÑóÊú ÍóÓúÑóÉð Úóáóíúåöã:ï´¿ßóÐóáößó íõÑöíåöãõ Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúãóÇáóåõãú ÍóÓóÑóÇÊò Úóáóíúåöãú æóãóÇ åõãú ÈöÎóÇÑöÌöíäó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑöï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 167]¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáãõÔúÑößõ ãöäú ÃóÎúÓóÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÕóÝúÞóÉð æóÃóÛúÈóäöåöã íóæúãó ãóÚóÇÏöåöº ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÍóÇáõ Úóáóì ãõÝúáöÓò ßõáøö ÇáúÅöÝúáóÇÓö Èóáú Úóáóì ÚóÏóãò¡ æóÇáãõæóÍøöÏõ ÍöæóÇáóÊõåõ Úóáóì ÇáãóáöíÁö ÇáúßóÑöíãö¡ ÝóíÇ ÈõÚúÏó ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÍöæóÇáóÊóíúäö.



æóÞóæúáõåõ: «ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉõ ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö» æóáóãú íóÞõáú ãöäó ÇáãóáóßóÉö áóÃóäøó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ áóÇ ãóáóßóÉó áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóåõæó ÚóÑöíøñ Úóäö ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö ÈöäóÚúÊö ÇáúÝóÞúÑö ÇáãóãúÏõæÍö Ãóåúáõåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íóÑóæúäó ãóáóßóÉð ÅöáøóÇ áöãóÇáößöåóÇ ÇáÍóÞøö Ðöí Çáãõáúßö æóÇáãóáóßõæÊö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÞóÏú ÝõæøöÖó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú Ðóáößó ÔóíÁñ æóÌõÚöáó ßóÇáúÎóÇÒöäö Ýöíåö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÏóÇæõÏó ÃõæÊöíó ãõáúßðÇ áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÎóáöíáõ æóÔõÚóíúÈñ æóÇáúÃóÛúäöíóÇÁõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÛúäöíóÇÁõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÈóÑöíÆöíäó ãöäó ÇáãóáóßóÉö Ýöí ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóåõãú ÈóÑöíÆõæäó ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö áöäõÝõæÓöåöã¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÑóæúäó áóåóÇ ãöáúßðÇ ÍóÞöíÞöíøðÇ Èóáú íóÑóæúäó ãóÇ Ýöí ÃóíúÏöíåöã ááåö ÚóÇÑöíóÉð æóæóÏöíÚóÉð Ýöí ÃóíúÏíåöãú¡ ÇÈúÊóáóÇåõãú Èöåöº áöíóäúÙõÑó åóáú íóÊóÕóÑøóÝõæäó Ýöíåö ÊóÕóÑøõÝó ÇáÚóÈöíÏö Ãóæú ÊóÕóÑøõÝó ÇáãõáøóÇßö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÚúØõæäó áöåóæóÇåõãú æóíóãúäóÚõæäó áöåóæóÇåõãú.



ÝóæõÌõæÏõ ÇáãóÇáö Ýöí íóÏö ÇáúÝóÞöíÑö áóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÝóÞúÑöåö¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÝóÞúÑöåö ÑõÄúíóÊõåõ áóãóáóßóÊöåö¡ Ýóãóäú ÚõæÝöíó ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö áóãú íóÊóáóæøóËú ÈóÇØöäõåõ ÈöÃóæúÓóÇÎö ÇáãóÇáö æóÊóÚóÈöåö æóÊóÏúÈöíÑöåö æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö¡ æóßóÇäó ßóÇáÎóÇÒöäö áöÓóíøöÏöåö ÇáøóÐöí íõäóÝøöÐõ ÃóæóÇãöÑóåõ Ýöí ãóÇáöåö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ áóæú ßóÇäó ÈöíóÏöåö ãöäó ÇáãóÇáö ÃóãúËóÇáõ ÌöÈóÇáö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ áóãú íóÖõÑøóåõ¡ æóãóäú áóãú íõÚóÇÝó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇöÏøóÚóÊú äóÝúÓõåõ ÇáãóáóßóÉó æóÊóÚóáøóÞóÊú Èöåö ÇáäøóÝúÓõ ÊóÚóáøõÞóåóÇ ÈöÇáÔóíÁö ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö ÇáãóÚúÔõæÞö¡ Ýóåõæó ÃóßúÈóÑõ åóãøöåö æóãóÈúáóÛõ Úöáúãöåö: Åöäú ÃõÚúØöíó ÑóÖöíó¡ æóÅöäú ãõäöÚó ÓóÎöØó¡ Ýóåõæó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÏøöíäóÇÑö æóÇáÏøöÑúåóãö¡ íõÕúÈöÍõ ãóåúãõæãðÇ æóíõãúÓöí ßóÐóáößó¡ íóÈöíÊõ ãõÖóÇÌöÚðÇ áóåõ¡ ÊóÝúÑóÍõ äóÝúÓõåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÒúÏóÇÏó¡ æóÊóÍúÒóäõ æóÊÃúÓóÝõ ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÇÊó ãöäúåõ ÔóíÁñ¡ Èóáú íóßóÇÏõ íóÊúáóÝõ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóæóåøóãóÊú äóÝúÓõåõ ÇáúÝóÞúÑó¡ æóÞóÏú íõÄóËöÑõ ÇáãóæúÊó Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÞúÑö¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãõÓúÊóÛúäò ÈöãóæúáóÇåõ ÇáãóÇáößö ÇáÍóÞøö ÇáøóÐöí ÈöíóÏöåö ÎóÒóÇÆöäõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáãóÇáó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí íóÏöåö äóÇÆöÈóÉñ ÑóÃóì Ãóäøó ÇáãóÇáößó ÇáÍóÞøó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÕóÇÈó ãóÇáó äóÝúÓöåö.



ÝóãóÇ áöáúÚóÈúÏö æóãóÇ áöáúÌóÒóÚö æóÇáúåóáóÚö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÕóÑøõÝõ ãóÇáößö ÇáãóÇáö Ýöí ãõáúßöåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó æóÏöíÚóÉñ Ýöí íóÏö ãóãúáõæßöåö¡ Ýóáóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ Ýöí ãóÇáöåö: Åöäú ÔóÇÁó ÃóÈúÞóÇåõ¡ æóÅöäú ÔóÇÁó ÐóåóÈó Èöåö æóÃóÝúäóÇåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÊøóåöãõ ãóæúáóÇåõ Ýöí ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö Ýöí ãõáúßöåö¡ æóíóÑóì ÊóÏúÈöíÑóåö åõæó ãõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÍößúãóÉö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó áöÞóáúÈöåö ÈöÇáãóÇáö ÊóÚóáøõÞñ æóáóÇ áóåõ Èöåö ÇößúÊöÑóÇËñº áöÕõÚõæÏöåö Úóäúåõ æóÇÑúÊöÝóÇÚö åöãøóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÇáãóÇáö ÇáÍóÞøö¡ Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ Èöåö æóÈöÍõÈøöåö æóãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö æóÞõÑúÈöåö ãöäúåõ Úóäú ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ Åöáóíúåö Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÈóÑöíÁõ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóáóßóÉö ÇáãõæÌöÈóÉö áöáØøõÛúíóÇäö.



ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ ßóáøóÇ Åöäøó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó áóíóØúÛóì * Ãóäú ÑóÂåõ ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì ï´¾ [ÇáÚáÞ: 6¡ 7]¡ æóáóãú íóÞõáú: Åöäö ÇöÓúÊóÛúäóì¡ Èóáú ÌóÚóáó ÇáØøõÛúíóÇäó äóÇÔöÆðÇ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÉö Ûöäóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú åóÐöåö ÇáÑøõÄúíóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Çááøóíúáö¡ Èóáú ÞóÇáó: ï´¿æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÈóÎöáó æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì * æóßóÐøóÈó ÈöÇáúÍõÓúäóì * ÝóÓóäõíóÓøöÑõåõ áöáúÚõÓúÑóìï´¾ [Çááíá: 8 - 10]¡ æóåóÐóÇ - æóÇááåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ - áóÃóäøóåõ ÐóßóÑó ãõæÌöÈó ØõÛúíóÇäöåö æóåõæó ÑõÄúíóÉõ Ûöäóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Çááøóíúáö ãõæÌöÈó åóáóÇßöåö æóÚóÏóãó ÊóíúÓöíÑöåö áöáúíõÓúÑóì¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÄõåõ Úóäú ÑóÈøöåö ÈöÊóÑúßö ØóÇÚóÊöåö æóÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæú ÇöÝúÊóÞóÑó Åöáóíúåö áóÊóÞóÑøóÈó Åöáóíúåö ÈöãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ ãöäú ØóÇÚóÊöåö ÝöÚúáó Çáãóãúáõæßö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ Ûöäóì áóåõ Úóäú ãóæúáóÇåõ ØóÑúÝóÉõ Úóíúäò æóáóÇ íóÌöÏõ ÈõÏøðÇ ãöäó ÇãúÊöËóÇáö ÃóæóÇãöÑöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÐóßóÑó ãóÚóåõ ÈõÎúáóåõ æóåõæó ÊóÑúßõåõ ÅöÚúØóÇÁó ãóÇ æóÌóÈó Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö æóÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáãóÇáö¡ æóÌóãóÚó Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõ ÈöÇáÍõÓúäóì¡ æóåöíó ÇáøóÊöí æóÚóÏó ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ï´¿áöáøóÐöíäó ÃóÍúÓóäõæÇ ÇáúÍõÓúäóì æóÒöíóÇÏóÉñï´¾ [íæäÓ: 26]¡ æóãóäú ÝóÓøóÑóåóÇ ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ ÝóáóÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö¡ æóÈöåóÇ ÊõäóÇáõ ÇáúÍõÓúäóì¡ æóãóäú ÝóÓøóÑóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÎõáúÝö Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÝóÇÞö ÝóÞóÏú åóÖóãó ÇáãóÚúäóì ÍóÞøóåõ æóåõæó ÃóßúÈóÑõ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÎõáúÝõ ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúÍõÓúäóì¡ æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁó Úóäö Çááåö ÓóÈóÈõ åóáóÇßö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö æóÊóíúÓöíÑöåö áößõáøö ÚõÓúÑóì¡ æóÑõÄúíóÊóåõ Ûöäóì äóÝúÓöåö ÓóÈóÈõ ØõÛúíóÇäöåö¡ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ãõäóÇÝò áöáúÝóÞúÑö æóÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö.



Þóæúáõåõ: «ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì: ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÒøõåøóÇÏö¡ æóåõæó äóÝúÖõ ÇáúíóÏóíúäö ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÖóÈúØðÇ Ãóæú ØóáóÈðÇ¡ æóÅöÓúßóÇÊõ ÇááøöÓóÇäö ÚóäúåóÇ ÐóãøðÇ Ãóæú ãóÏúÍðÇ¡ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉõ ãöäúåóÇ ØóáóÈðÇ Ãóæú ÊóÑúßðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóáøóãõæÇ Ýöí ÔóÑóÝöåö»¡ ÝóÍóÇÕöáõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÝóÑóÇÛõ ÇáúíóÏö æóÇáúÞóáúÈö ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÇáÐøõåõæáõ Úóäö ÇáúÝóÞúÑö ãöäúåóÇ æóÇáÒøõåúÏö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÝóÑóÇÛö ÇáúíóÏö äóÝúÖõ ÇáúíóÏóíúäö ÖóÈúØðÇ Ãóæú ØóáóÈðÇ¡ Ýóåõæó áóÇ íóÖúÈöØõ íóÏóåõ ãóÚó æõÌõæÏöåóÇ ÔõÍøðÇ æóÖóäøðÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóØúáõÈõåóÇ ãóÚó ÝóÞúÏöåóÇ ÓõÄóÇáðÇ æóÅöáúÍóÇÝðÇ æóÍöÑúÕðÇ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖõ æóÇáäøóÝúÖõ ÏóÇáøñ Úóáóì ÓõÞõæØö ãóäúÒöáóÊöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞóáúÈöº ÅöÐú áóæú ßóÇäó áóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóáúÈö ãóäúÒöáóÉñ áóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÖöÏøö Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÇäó íóßõæäõ ÍóÇáõåõ ÇáÖøóÈúØó ãóÚó ÇáúæõÌõæÏö áöÛöäóÇåõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóßóÇäó íóØúáõÈõåóÇ ãóÚó ÝóÞúÏöåóÇ áöÝóÞúÑöåö ÅöáóíúåóÇ.



æóÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÃóÞúÓóÇãö ÇáúÝóÑóÇÛö ÅöÓúßóÇÊõ ÇááøöÓóÇäö ÚóäúåóÇ ÐóãøðÇ æóãóÏúÍðǺ áóÃóäøó ãóäö ÇöåúÊóãøó ÈöÃóãúÑò æóßóÇäó áóåó Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ãóæúÞöÚñ ÇöÔúÊóÛóáó ÇááøöÓóÇäõ ÈöãóÇ ÝóÇÖó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóáúÈö ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö ãóÏúÍðÇ Ãóæú ÐóãøðÇ¡ ÝóÅöòäøóåõ Åöäú ÍóÕóáóÊú áóåõ ãóÏóÍóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ÝóÇÊóÊåõ ÐóãøóåóÇ¡ æóãóÏúÍõåóÇ æóÐóãøõåóÇ ÚóáóÇãóÉõ ãóæúÖöÚöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞóáúÈö æóÎóØóÑöåóÇ¡ ÝóÍóíúËõ ÇÔúÊóÛóáó ÇááøöÓóÇäõ ÈöÐóãøöåóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó áöÎóØóÑöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóáúÈöº áóÃóäøó ÇáÔóíÁó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÐóãøõ Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÇáúÇåúÊöãóÇãö Èöåö æóÇáúÇÚúÊöäóÇÁõ ÔöÝóÇÁñ áöÛóíúÙò ãöäúåõ ÈöÇáÐøóãøö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÇáÒøõåúÏö ÝöíåóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÎóØóÑöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóáúÈöº ÅöÐú áóæúáóÇ ÎóØóÑõåóÇ æóÞóÏúÑõåóÇ áóãóÇ ÕóÇÑó áöáÒøõåúÏö ÝöíåóÇ ÎóØóÑñ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ãóÏúÍõåóÇ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÎóØóÑöåóÇ æóãóæúÞöÚöåóÇ ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåöº ÝóÅöäøó ãóäú ÃóÍóÈøó ÔóíúÆðÇ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÐößúÑöåö¡ æóÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö áóÇ íóÖúÈöØõåóÇ ãóÚó æõÌõæÏöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóØúáõÈõåóÇ ãóÚó ÚóÏóãöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÝöíÖõ ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö Úóáóì áöÓóÇäöåö ãóÏúÍñ áóåóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóÍóÈøóÊöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÝöíÖõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóáúÈö Úóáóì ÇááøöÓóÇäö Ðóãøñ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóæúÞöÚöåóÇ æÎóØóÑöåóǺ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÛõÑó ÃóÚúÑóÖó ÇáúÞóáúÈõ Úóäúåõ ãóÏúÍðÇ Ãóæú ÐóãøðÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÓóÇáöãñ Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ÊóÑúßöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ÐößúÑö ÎóØóÑö ÇáÒøõåúÏö ÝöíåóǺ áóÃóäøó äóÙóÑó ÇáúÚóÈúÏö Åöáóì ßóæúäöåö ÊóÇÑößðÇ áóåóÇ ÒóÇåöÏðÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÊóÔóÑøóÝó äóÝúÓõåõ ÈöÇáÊøóÑúßö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ÎóØóÑöåóÇ æóÞóÏúÑöåóÇ¡ æóáóæú ÕóÛõÑóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÞóáúÈö áóÕóÛõÑó ÊóÑúßõåóÇ æóÇáÒøõåúÏõ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóáóæö ÇöåúÊóãøó ÇáúÞóáúÈõ Èöãõåöãøò ãöäó ÇáãõåöãøóÇÊö ÇáãóØúáõæÈóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ãóÐóÇÞóÇÊõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõáõæÈö æóÇáúÃóÑúæóÇÍö áóÐóåõáó Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÇáÒøõåúÏö æóÇáÊøóÑúßö.



ÝóÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ãõÚóÇÝðì ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóãúÑóÇÖö ßõáøöåóÇ: ãöäú ãóÑóÖö ÇáÖøóÈúØö¡ æóÇáØøóáóÈö¡ æóÇáÐøóãøö¡ æóÇáãóÏúÍö¡ æóÇáÊøóÑúßö¡ Ýóåöíó ÈöÃóÓúÑöåóÇ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ãóãúÏõæÍðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáãõÊóÍóÞøöÞõ Èöåö ÇáËøóæóÇÈó æóÇáãóÏúÍó¡ áóßöäøóåóÇ ÂËóÇÑñ æóÃóÔúßóÇáñ ãõÔúÚöÑóÉñ ÈöÃóäøó ÕÇÍöÈóåóÇ áóãú íóÐõÞú ÍóÇáó ÇáúÎõáõæøö æóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö ÇáúÈóÇØöäö¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóÊóÍóÞøóÞó ãöäó ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáãõÊóæóÞøóÚóÉö ÇáãõÊóäóÇÝóÓö ÝöíåóÇ.



ÝóÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ãõÊóæóÓøöØñ Èóíúäó ÏóÑóÌóÊóí ÇáÏøóÇÎöáö ÈößõáøöíøóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÞóÏú Ñóßöäó ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÇØúãóÃóäøó ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÇÊøóÎóÐóåóÇ æóØóäðÇ æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ áóåõ ÓóßóäðÇ¡ æóÈóíúäó ãóäú äóÝóÖóåóÇ ÈöÇáúßõáøöíøóÉö ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö æóáöÓóÇäöåö¡ æóÊóÎóáøóÕó ãöäú ÞõíõæÏöåóÇ æóÑõÚõæäóÇÊöåóÇ æóÂËóÇÑöåóÇ¡ æóÇÑúÊóÞóì Åöáóì ãóÇ íóÓõÑøõ ÇáúÞóáúÈó æóíõÍúíöíåö æóíõÝúÑöÍõåõ æóíõÈúåöÌõåõ ãöäú ÌóÐóÈóÇÊö ÇáúÚöÒøóÉö¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÑúÒóÎö ßóÇáúÍóÇãöáö ÇáãõÞóÑøóÈö íóäúÊóÙöÑõ æöáóÇÏóÉó ÇáÑøõæõÍö æóÇáúÞóáúÈö ÕóÈóÇÍðÇ æóãóÓóÇÁðº ÝóÅöäøó ãóäú áóãú ÊõæáóÏú ÑõæÍõåõ æóÞóáúÈõåõ æóíóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäú ãóÔöíãóÉö äóÝúÓöåö æóíóÊóÎóáøóÕõ ãöäú ÙõáõãóÇÊö ØóÈúÚöåö æóåóæóÇåõ æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö Ýóåõæó ßóÇáúÌóäöíäö Ýöí ÈóØúäö Ãõãøöåö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íóÑó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóåóßóÐóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚúÏõ Ýöí ãóÔöíãóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóÇáÙøõáõãóÇÊõ ÇáËøóáóÇËõ åöíó: ÙõáúãóÉõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóÙõáúãóÉõ ÇáØøóÈúÚö¡ æóÙõáúãóÉõ Çáúåóæóì¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáúæõáóÇÏóÉö ãóÑøóÊóíäö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáãóÓöíÍõ áöáúÍóæóÇÑöííäó: «Åöäøóßõã áóäú ÊóáöÌõæÇ ãóáóßõæÊó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÍóÊóì ÊõæáóÏõæÇ ãóÑøóÊóíäö»º æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÃóÈðÇ áöáãõÄãöäöíäó ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÃõÈóíøò: (ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáãõÄãöäöíäó ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöã æóåõæó ÃóÈñ áóåã)[23]¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõÈõæøóÉö Ãóäú ÌõÚöáóÊú ÃóÒúæóÇÌõåõ ÃõãóåóÇÊöåöãúº ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÑúæóÇÍóåõãú æóÞõáõæÈóåõãú æõáöÏóÊú Èöåö æöáóÇÏóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì ÛóíúÑó æöáóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃõãøóåóÇÊöº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÑúæóÇÍóåõãú æóÞõáõæÈóåõãú ãöäú ÙõáõãóÇÊö ÇáúÌóåúáö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóÇáúÛóíøö¡ Åöáóì äõæÑö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÝóÖóÇÁö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö æóÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÝóÔóÇåóÏóÊú ÍóÞóÇÆöÞó ÃõÎóÑó æóÃõãõæÑðÇ áóãú íóßõäú áóåóÇ ÈöåóÇ ÔõÚõæÑñ ÞóÈúáóåõ.



ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ÇáÑ ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇåõ Åöáóíúßó áöÊõÎúÑöÌó ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäó ÇáÙøõáõãóÇÊö Åöáóì ÇáäøõæÑö ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåöãúï´¾ [ÅÈÑÇåíã: 1].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚóËó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøöíøöíäó ÑóÓõæáðÇ ãöäúåõãú íóÊúáõæ Úóáóíúåöãú ÂíóÇÊöåö æóíõÒóßøöíåöãú æóíõÚóáøöãõåõãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ áóÝöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäòï´¾ [ÇáÌãÚÉ: 2].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿áóÞóÏú ãóäøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöÐú ÈóÚóËó Ýöíåöãú ÑóÓõæáðÇ ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú íóÊúáõæ Úóáóíúåöãú ÂíóÇÊöåö æóíõÒóßøöíåöãú æóíõÚóáøöãõåõãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ áóÝöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäòï´¾ [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 164].



æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÞõáõæÈó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúæöáóÇÏóÉö ËóáóÇËóÉñ: ÞóáúÈñ áóãú íõæáóÏú æóáóãú íóÃúäö áóåõ Èóáú åõæó Ìóäöíäñ Ýöí ÈóØúäö ÇáÔøóåóæóÇÊö æóÇáúÛóíøö æóÇáúÌóåúáö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáö¡ æóÞóáúÈñ ÞóÏú æõáöÏó æóÎóÑóÌó Åöáóì ÝóÖóÇÁö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö æóÊóÎóáøóÕó ãöäú ãóÔöíãóÉö ÇáØøöÈóÇÚö æóÙõáõãóÇÊö ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáúåóæóì¡ ÝÞóÑøóÊú Úóíúäõåõ ÈöÇááåö¡ æóÞóÑøóÊú Úõíõæäñ Èöåö æóÞõáõæÈñ¡ æóÃóäóÓóÊú ÈöÞõÑúÈöåö ÇáúÃóÑúæóÇÍõ¡ æóÐóßøóÑóÊú ÑõÄúíóÊõåõ ÈöÇááåö¡ ÝóÇØúãóÃóäøó ÈöÇááåö¡ æóÓóßóäó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÚóßóÝó ÈöåöãøóÊöåö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÓóÇÝóÑóÊú åöãóãõåõ æóÚóÒóÇÆöãõåõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÝöíÞö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì¡ áóÇ íõÞóÑøõ ÈöÔóíÁò ÛóíúÑó Çááåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúßõäõ Åöáóì ÔóíÁò ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóØúãóÆöäøõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö¡ íóÌöÏõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóíÁò Óöæóì Çááåö ÚöæóÖðÇ¡ æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõ ÞõæøóÊõåõ¡ áóÇ íóÌöÏõ ãöäó Çááåö ÚöæóÖðÇ ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ ÝóÐößúÑõåõ ÍóíóÇÉõ ÞóáúÈöåö¡ æóÑöÖóÇåõ ÛóÇíóÉõ ãóØúáóÈöåö¡ æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõ ÞõæÊõåõ¡ æóãóÚúÑöÝóÊõåõ ÃóäöíÓõåõ¡ ÚóÏõæøõåõ ãóäú ÌóÐóÈó ÞóáúÈóåõ Úóäö Çááåö «æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÑöíÈó ÇáãõÕóÇÝöíó»¡ æóæóáöíøõåõ ãóäú ÑóÏøóåõ Åöáóì Çááåö æóÌóãóÚó ÞóáúÈóåõ Úóáóíúåö «æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÈóÚöíÏó ÇáãõäóÇæöíó».



ÝóåóÐóÇäö ÞóáúÈóÇäö ãõÊóÈóÇíöäóÇäö ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáÊøóÈóÇíõäö¡ æóÞóáúÈñ ËóÇáöËñ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÑúÒóÎö íóäúÊóÙöÑõ ÇáúæöáóÇÏóÉó ÕóÈóÇÍðÇ æóãóÓóÇÁð¡ ÞóÏú ÃóÕúÈóÍó Úóáóì ÝóÖóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ æóÃóäóÓó ãöäú ÎöáóÇáö ÇáÏøöíóÇÑö ÃóÔöÚøóÉó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÊóÃúÈóì ÛóáóÈóÇÊõ ÇáúÍõÈøö æóÇáÔøóæúÞö ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÞóÑøõÈðÇ Åöáóì ãóäö ÇáÓøóÚóÇÏóÉõ ßõáøõåóÇ ÈöÞõÑúÈöåö¡ æóÇáúÍóÙøõ ßõáøõ ÇáúÍóÙøö Ýöí ØóÇÚóÊöåö æóÍõÈøöåö¡ æóÊóÃúÈóì ÛóáóÈóÇÊõ ÇáØøöÈóÇÚö ÅöáøóÇ ÌóÐúÈóåõ æóÅöíÞóÇÝóåõ æóÊóÚúæöíÞóåõ¡ Ýóåõæó Èóíúäó ÇáÏøóÇÚöíóíúäö ÊóÇÑóÉð æóÊóÇÑóÉð¡ ÞóÏú ÞóØóÚó ÚóÞóÈóÇÊò æóÂÝóÇÊò¡ æóÈóÞóì Úóáóíúåö ãóÝóÇæöÒñ æóÝóáóæóÇÊñ¡ æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈó åóÐóÇ ÇáãóÞóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó Èöåö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ Ãóæú ÈóÇØöäðÇ¡ æóÓóáöãó Úóäú äóÙóÑö äóÝúÓöåö Åöáóì ãóÞóÇãöåö æóÇÔúÊöÛóÇáöåö Èöåö æóæõÞõæÝöåö ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ ÍóÞöíÞíøñ¡ áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÞóÇÏöÍñ ãöäó ÇáúÞóæóÇÏöÍö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÍõØøõåõ Úóäú ÏóÑóÌóÉö ÇáúÝóÞúÑö.



æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøóåõ íóÍúÓõäõ ÅöÚúãóÇáõ ÇááøöÓóÇäö Ýöí Ðóãøö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: ãóæúÖöÚõ ÇáÊøóÒúåöíÏö ÝöíåóÇ áöáÑøóÇÛöÈö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí: ÚöäúÏóãóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Èöåö ÏóÇÚöí ÇáØøóÈúÚö æóÇáäøóÝúÓö Åöáóì ØóáóÈöåóÇ æóáóÇ íóÃúãóäõ ÅöÌóÇÈóÉó ÇáÏøóÇÚöí¡ ÝóíóÓúÊóÍúÖöÑõ Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ÞöáøóÉó æóÝóÇÆöåóÇ æóßóËúÑóÉó ÌóÝóÇÆöåóÇ æóÎöÓøóÉó ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ Åöäú Êóãøó ÚóÞúáõåõ æóÍóÖóÑó ÑõÔúÏõåõ ÒóåóÏó ÝöíåóÇ æóáóÇ ÈõÏøó.



æóÞóæúáõåõ: «ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åöáóì ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáúÝóÖúáö¡ æóåõæó íõæÑöËõ ÇáúÎóáóÇÕó ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóíóÞúØóÚõ ÔõåõæÏó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ æóíõãóÍøöÕõ ãöäú ÃóÏúäóÇÓö ãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊö» ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÃóÑúÝóÚõ ãöäó ÇáúÃõæáóì æóÃóÚúáóì¡ æóÇáúÃõæáóì ßóÇáúæóÓöíáóÉö ÅöáóíúåóǺ áóÃóäøó Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌöÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì íóÊóÎóáøóì ÈöÝóÞúÑöåö Úóäú Ãóäú íóÊóÃóáøóåó ÛóíúÑó ãóæúáóÇåõ ÇáÍóÞøö¡ æóÃóäú íõÖóíøöÚó ÃóäúÝóÇÓóåõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö¡ æóÃóäú íõÝóÑøöÞó åõãõæãóåõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÍóÇÈøöåö¡ æóÃóäú íõÄúËöÑó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÍóÇáò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ ÝóíõæÌöÈõ áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóåóÐöåö ÇáãõÚóÇãóáóÉõ ÕóÝóÇÁó ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö¡ æóÚöãóÇÑóÉó ÇáÓøöÑøö Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó Çááåö æóÎõáõæÕó ÇáúæõÏøö¡ ÝóíõÕúÈöÍõ æóíõãúÓöí æóáóÇ åóãøó áóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÑóÈøöåö¡ ÞóÏú ÞóØóÚó åóãøõåõ ÈöÑóÈøöåö Úóäúåõ ÌóãöíÚó Çáúåõãõæãö¡ æóÚóØøóáóÊú ÅöÑóÇÏóÊõåõ ÌóãöíÚó ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÇÊö¡ æóäóÓóÎóÊú ãóÍóÈøóÊõåõ áóåõ ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö ßõáøó ãóÍóÈøóÉò áöÓöæóÇåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Þöíáó:

áóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íõÓúÈöí ÇáúÞóáúÈó Ýöí ßõáøö áóíúáóÉò
ËóãóÇäõæäó Èóáú ÊöÓúÚõæäó äóÝúÓðÇ æóÃóÑúÌóÍõ
íóåöíãõ ÈöåóÐóÇ Ëõãøó íóÃúáóÝõ ÛóíúÑóåõ
æóíóÓúáõæåõãú ãöäú ÝóæúÑöåö Íöíäó íõÕúÈöÍõ
æÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÞóáúÈöí ÖóÇÆöÚðÇ ÞóÈúáó ÍõÈøößõãú
ÝóßóÇäó ÈöÍõÈøö ÇáÎóáúÞö íáúåõæ æóíóãÑóÍõ
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇ ÞóáúÈöí åóæóÇßó ÃóÌóÇÈóåõ
ÝóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÑóÇåõ Úóäú ÎöÈóÇÆößó íóÈúÑóÍõ
ÍóÑãúÊõ ãõäóÇÆöí ãöäóßó Åöäú ßõäúÊõ ßóÇÐöÈðÇ
æóÅöäú ßõäúÊõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÛíÑößó ÃóÝÑÍõ
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÔóíÁñ Ýöí ÇáæÌõæÏö ÓöæóÇßãõ
íõÞöÑøõ Èöå ÇáÞóáúÈõ ÇáÌóÑöíÍõ æóíóÝÑÍõ
ÅöÐóÇ áóÚöÈóÊú ÃóíúÏöí Çáåóæóì ÈöãõÍöÈøößõãú
ÝóáóíúÓó áóåõ Úóäú ÈóÇÈößõãú ãõÊóÒóÍúÒóÍõ
ÝóÅöäú ÃóÏúÑóßóÊúåõ ÛõÑúÈóÉñ Úóäú ÏöíóÇÑößõãú
ÝóÍõÈøõßõãõ Èóíúäó ÇáÍóÔóÇ áóíúÓó íóÈúÑóÍõ
æóßóãú ãõÔúÊóÑò Ýöí ÇáÎóáúÞö ÞóÏú ÓóÇãó ÞóáúÈóåõ
Ýóáóãú íóÑóåõ ÅöáøóÇ áöÍõÈøößó íóÕúáõÍõ
åóæóì ÛóíúÑõßõãú äóÇÑñ ÊóáóÙøóì æóãóÍúÈóÓñ
æóÍõÈøõßõãõ ÇáÝöÑúÏóæúÓõ Ãóæú åõæó ÃóÝúÓóÍõ
ÝóíóÇ Öóíúãó ÞóáúÈò ÞóÏú ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÛóíúÑóßõãú
æóíóÇ ÑóÍóãúÉð ãöãøóÇ íóÌõæáõ æóíóßúÏóÍõ
æóÇááåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áóãú íóÌúÚóáú áöÑóÌõáò ãöäú ÞóáúÈóíäö Ýöí ÌóæúÝöåö¡ ÝóÈöÞóÏúÑö ãóÇ íóÏúÎõáõ ÇáÞóáúÈó ãöäú åóãøò æóÅöÑóÇÏóÉò æóÍõÈøò íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäúåõ åóãøñ æóÅöÑóÇÏóÉñ æóÍõÈøñ íõÞóÇÈöáõåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÅöäóÇÁñ æóÇÍöÏñ æóÇáÃóÔúÑöÈóÉõ ãõÊóÚóÏöÏóÉñ¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÔóÑÇÈò ãóáóÃåõ áóãú íóÈÞú Ýöíåö ãóæúÖöÚñ áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóãúÊóáöÆõ ÇáÅäóÇÁõ ÈöÃóÚúáóì ÇáÃÔúÑöÈóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÇÏóÝóåõ ÎóÇáöíðÇ¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÇÏóÝóåõ ãõãúÊóáöÆðÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö áóãú íõÓóÇßöäúåõ ÍóÊóì íõÎúÑöÌó ãóÇ Ýöíåö Ëõãøó íóÓúßõäó ãóæúÖöÚóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú:

ÃóÊóÇäöí åóæóÇåóÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÃóÚúÑöÝó Çáåóæóì
ÝóÕóÇÏóÝó ÞóáúÈðÇ ÎóÇáöíðÇ ÝóÊóãóßøóäóÇ


ÝóÝóÞúÑõ ÕóÇÍöÈö åóÐöå ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÊóÝúÑöíöÛõåõ ÅöäóÇÁóåõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóÑóÇÈò ÛóíúÑö ÔóÑóÇÈö ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö¡ áÃóäøó ßõáøó ÔóÑóÇÈò ÝóãõÓúßöÑñ æóáóÇ ÈõÏøó¡ «æóãóÇ ÃóÓúßóÑó ßóËöíÑõåõ ÝóÞóáöíõáå ÍóÑóÇãñ»[24]¡ æóÃóíúäó ÓõßúÑõ Çáåóæóì æóÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãöäú ÓõßúÑö ÇáÎóãúÑö¡ æóßóíúÝó íõæÖóÚõ ÔóÑóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÓúäöíãö - ÇáÐöí åõæó ÃóÚúáóì ÃóÔúÑöÈÉö ÇáãõÍöÈøöíäó - Ýöí ÅöäóÇÁò ãóáÂäó ÈöÎãÑö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáåóæóì¡ æóáÇó íóÝöíÞõ ãöäú ÓõßúÑöåö æóáÇó íóÓúÊóÝöíÞõ¡ æóáóæ ÝóÇÑóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõßúÑõ ÇáÞóáúÈó áóØóÇÑó ÈöÃóÌúäöÍóÉö ÇáÔøóæúÞö Åöáóì Çááåö æóÇáÏøóÇÑö ÇáÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóáßöäú ÑóÖöí ÇáãöÓúßöíäõ ÈöÇáÏøõæäö¡ æóÈóÇÚó ÍóÙøóåõ ãöäú ÞõÑúÈö Çááåö æóãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö æóßóÑóÇãóÊöåö ÈöÃóÎóÓøö ÇáËøóãóäö ÕóÝúÞóÉó ÎóÇÓöÑò ãóÛúÈõæäò¡ ÝóÓóíóÚúáóãõ Ãóíøó ÍóÙøò ÃóÖóÇÚó ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÇÒó ÇáãõÍöÈøõæäö¡ æóÎóÓöÑó ÇáãõÈúØöáõæäó.



ÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáÇÝÊöÞóÇÑö Åöáóì Çááåö:

æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóáóæøõËõ ÈöÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÖö ÞóíúÏðÇ íõÞóíøöÏõ ÇáÞõáóæÈó Úóäú ÓóÝóÑöåóÇ Åöáóì ÈóáóÏö ÍóíóÇÊöåóÇ æóäóÚöíãöåóÇ ÇáÐöí áóÇ Óóßóäó áóåóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÑóÇÍóÉó áóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóáóÇ ÓõÑõæÑó áóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ãóäóÇÒöáöåö¡ æóáóÇ Ãóãúäó áóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Èóíúäó Ãóåúáöåö¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó ÇáÐöí ÈóÇÔóÑó ÞóáúÈõåõ ÑõæÍó ÇáÊøóÃáøõåö¡ æóÐóÇÞó ØóÚúãó ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ æóÂäóÓó äóÇÑó ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö¡ áóåõ ÃóÛúÑóÇÖñ ÏóÞöíÞóÉñ ÍóÇáöíøóÉñ ÊõÞóíøöÏõ ÞóáúÈóåõ Úóäú ãõßóÇÝóÍóÉö ÕóÑöíÍö ÇáÍóÞøö¡ æóÕöÍøóÉö ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÇáÝóäóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÇãøö Èöåö¡ æóÇáÈóÞóÇÁö ÇáÏøóÇÆöãö ÈöäõæÑöåö ÇáÐöí åõæó ÇáãóØúáõæÈõ ãöäó ÇáÓóíúÑö æóÇáÓõáõæßö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáÊöí ÔóãøóÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÇáÓøóÇáößõæäó¡ æóÇáÚöáúãõ ÇáÐöí Ãóãøóåõ ÇáÚóÇÈöÏõæä æóÏóäúÏóäó Íóæúáóåõ ÇáÚóÇÑöÝõæäó¡ ÝóÌóãöíÚõ ãóÇ íõÍúÌöÈõ Úóäúåõ Ãóæú íõÞóíøöÏõ ÇáÞóáúÈó äóÙóÑóåõ æóåóãøóåõ íóßõæäõ ÍöÌóÇÈðÇ íóÍúÌõÈõ ÇáæóÇÕöáó æóíöæõÞöÝõ ÇáÓøóÇáößó æóíõäóßøöÓõ ÇáØóÇáöÈó¡ ÝóÇáÒøõåúÏõ Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö Çáåöãóãö ÇáÚóáöíøóÉö ãõÊóÚóíøöäñ ÊõÚóíøõäó ÇáæóÇÌöÈö ÇáÐöí áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäúåõ¡ æóåõæó ßóÒõåúÏö ÇáÓøóÇáößó Åöáóì ÇáÍóÌøö Ýöí ÇáÙøõáóáö æóÇáãöíóÇåö ÇáÊöí íóãõÑøõ ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáãóäóÇÒöáö¡ ÝóÇáÃæøóáõ ãõÞóíøóÏñ Úóäö ÇáÍóÞóÇÆÞö ÈöÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáÃóÚúÑóÇÖö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ãõÞóíøóÏñ Úóäö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÇÊö ÈöÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ ÝóÊóÞóíøóÏó ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãóÇ Úóäö ÇáÛóÇíöÉö ÇáãóØúáõæÈóÉö¡ æóÊóÑÊøóÈó Úóáóì åóÐÇ ÇáÞóíúÏö ÚóÏóãõ ÇáäøõÝõæÐö¡ æóÐóáößó ãõÄóÎøóÑñ ãõÎóáøóÝñ.



æóÅöÐóÇ ÚóÑóÝó ÇáÚóÈúÏõ åóÐóÇ æóÇäúßóÔóÝó áóåõ Úöáúãõåõ ÊóÚóíøóäó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÒøõåúÏõ Ýöí ÇáÃóÍúæóÇáö æóÇáÝóÞúÑö ãöäúåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÚóíøóäó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÒøõåúÏõ Ýöí ÇáãóÇáö æóÇáÔøóÑóÝö æóÎõáõæøõ ÞóáúÈöåö ãöäúåõãóÇ¡ æóáóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãõæÌöÈõ ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáÃõæáóì ãöäó ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÇáÑøóÌõæÚó Åöáóì ÇáÂÎöÑóÉö¡ ÝóÃóæúÌóÈó ÇáÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞó Ýöí åóãøö ÇáÂÎöÑóÉö äóÝóÖó ÇáíóÏóíúäö ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÖóÈúØðÇ Ãóæú ØóáóÈðÇ¡ æóÅöÓúßóÇÊó ÇááøóÓóÇäö ÚóäúåóÇ ãóÏúÍðÇ Ãóæú ÐóãøðÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó ãõæÌöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ãöäó ÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Åöáóì ÝóÖúáö Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ¡ æóãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÓóÈúÞóÉö ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈö æóÇáæóÓóÇÆöØö¡ ÝóÈöÝóÖúáö Çááåö æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö æõÌöÏóÊú ãöäúå ÇáÃóÞóæóÇáõ ÇáÔøóÑöíÝóÉõ¡ æóÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊõ ÇáÚóáöíøóÉõ¡ æóÈöÝóÖúáöåö æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö æóÕóáõæÇ Åöáóì ÑöÖóÇåõ æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ æóÞõÑúÈöåö æóßóÑóÇãóÊöåö æóãõæÇáÇÊöåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó ÇáÃóæøóáõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇáÃæøóáõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóßóÇäó åõæó ÇáÂÎöÑõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáÂÎöÑõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÔóíÁò.



Ýóãóäú ÚóÈóÏóåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÃæøóáö æóÇáÂÎöÑö ÍóÕóáóÊú áóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÝÞÑö¡ ÝóÅöäö ÇäúÖóÇÝó Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö æóÇáÈóÇØöäö ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÚóÇÑöÝõ ÇáÌóÇãöÚõ áöãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÇÊö ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ æóÈóÇØöäðÇ¡ ÝóÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÃæøóáö ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáÊøóÌóÑøõÏó ãöäú ãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈö æóÇáæõÞõæÝö Ãóæö ÇáÇáÊöÝóÇÊö ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÊóÌúÑöíÏó ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÓóÈúÞö ÝóÖúáöåö æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáãõÈúÊóÏöÆõ ÈöÇáÅÍúÓóÇäö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÓöíáóÉò ãöäó ÇáÚóÈúÏöº ÅöÐú áóÇ æóÓöíáÉó áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÚóÏóãö ÞóÈúáó æõÌõæÏöåö¡ æóÃóíøõ æóÓöíáóÉò ßóÇäóÊú åõäóÇßó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÚóÏóãñ ãóÍúÖñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÊóì Úóáóíúåö Íöíäñ ãöäó ÇáÏøóåúÑö áóãú íóßõäú ÔóíúÆðÇ ãóÐúßõæÑðÇ¡ Ýóãöäúåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÇáÅÚúÏóÇÏõ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÇáÅãúÏóÇÏõ¡ æóÝóÖúáõåõ ÓóÇÈöÞñ Úóáóì ÇáæóÓóÇÆöáö¡ æóÇáæÓóÇÆöáõ ãöäú ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÝóÖúáöåö æóÌõæÏöåö áóãú Êóßõäú ÈöæóÓóÇÆöáó ÃóÎúÑóì¡ Ýóãóäú äóÒøóáó ÇÓúãóåõ ÇáÃóæøóáó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáãóÚúäóì ÃóæúÌóÈó áóåõ ÝóÞúÑðÇ ÎóÇÕøðÇ.



æóÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÂÎöÑö ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÃóíúÖðÇ ÚóÏóãó Ñõßõæäöåö æóæõËõæÞöåö ÈöÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈö æóÇáæõÞõæÝö ãóÚóåóǺ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÊóäúÚóÏöãõ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáÉó æóÊóäúÞóÖöí ÈöÇáÂÎöÑöíøóÉö¡ æóíÈúÞóì ÇáÏøóÇÆöãõ ÇáÈøóÇÞöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞõ ÈöåóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞñ ÈöãóÇ íõÚúÏóãõ æóíóäúÞóÖöí¡ æóÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞõ ÈöÇáÂÎöÑö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÊóÚóáøõÞñ ÈöÇáÍóíøö ÇáÐöí áóÇ íóãõæÊõ æóáóÇ íóÒõæáõ¡ ÝóÇáãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ Èöåö ÍóÞöíÞñ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÒõæáó æóáóÇ íóäúÞóØöÚó¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞö ÈöÛóíÑöåö ãöãøóÇ áóåõ ÂÎöÑñ íóÝúäóì Èöåö¡ ßóÐóÇ äóÙóÑó ÇáÚóÇÑöÝõ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÓóÈúÞö ÇáÃóæøóáöíøóÉö ÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó äóÙóÑõåõ Åöáóíåö ÈöÈóÞóÇÁö ÇáÂÎöÑöíøóÉö ÍóíúËõ íóÈúÞóì ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó Çááåõ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÔóíÁñ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóßõáøõ ÔóíÁò åóÇáößñ ÅöáÇ æóÌúåóåõ¡ ÝóÊóÃãøóáú ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉó åóÐóíúäö ÇáÇÓúãóíúäö æóãóÇ íõæÌöÈóÇäöåö ãöäú ÕöÍøóÉö ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Åöáóì Çááåö æóÍúÏóåõ æóÏóæóÇãö ÇáÝóÞúÑö Åöáóíúåö Ïõæäó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÃóãúÑó ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ãöäúåõ æóÅöáóíúåö íóÑúÌöÚõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáãõÈúÊóÏöÆõ ÈöÇáÝóÖúáö ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÓóÈóÈó æóáóÇ æóÓöíáóÉó¡ æóÅöáóíåö ÊóäúÊóåöí ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ æóÇáæóÓóÇÆöáõ¡ Ýóåõæó Ãóæøóáõ ßõáøö ÔóíÁò æóÂÎöÑõåõ.



æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíÁò æóÝóÇÚöáõåõ æóÎóÇáöÞõåõ æóÈóÇÑöÆõåõ¡ Ýóåõæó Åöáóååõ æóÛóÇíóÊõåõ ÇáÊöí áóÇ ÕóáóÇÍ áóåõ æóáóÇ ÝóáóÇÍó æóáóÇ ßóãóÇáó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó æóÍúÏõåõ ÛóÇíóÊóåõ æóäöåóÇíÊóåõ æóãóÞúÕõæÏóåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáÃæøóáõ ÇáÐöí ÇÈúÊóÏóÃóÊú ãöäúå ÇáãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊõ¡ æóÇáÂÎöÑõ ÇáÐöí ÇäúÊóåóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÇÊõåóÇ æóÅöÑóÇÏóÇÊõåóÇ æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåóÇ¡ ÝóáóíúÓó æóÑóÇÁó Çááåö ÔóíÁñ íõÞúÕóÏõ æóíõÚúÈóÏõ æóíõÊóÃóáøóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÞóÈúáóåõ ÔóíÁñ íóÎúáóÞõ æóíóÈúÑóÃõ¡ ÝóßóãóÇ ßóÇäó æóÇÍöÏðÇ Ýöí ÅöíÌóÇÏößó ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ Ýöí ÊóÃóáøõåößó Åöáóíúåö áöÊóÕöÍøó ÚõÈúæÏöíøóÊõßó¡ æóßóãóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó æõÌõæÏóßó æóÎóáúÞóßó ãöäúåõ ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåõ äöåóÇíóÉó ÍõÈøößó æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊößó æóÊóÃóáøõåößó Åöáóíúåö áöÊóÕöÍøó áóßó ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÃæøóáö æóÇáÂÎöÑö¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáÎóáúÞö ÊóÚóÈøóÏõæÇ áóåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÃæøóáö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö áóåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÂÎöÑö¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåöãú¡ Ýóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ÇáÚóÇáóãöíäó æóÅöáóåõ ÇáãõÑúÓóáöíäó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÈöÍóãúÏöåö.



æóÃóãøóÇ ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÝóßóãóÇ ÝóÓøóÑóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÈöÞóæúáöåö «æóÃóäúÊó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÝóáóíúÓó ÝóæúÞóßó ÔóíÁñ¡ æóÃóäúÊó ÇáÈóÇØöäõ ÝóáóíúÓó Ïõæäóßó ÔóíÁñ»[25].



ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ÇáÚóÈúÏõ Úõáõæøóåõ ÇáãõØúáóÞó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÈöÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÝóæúÞóåõ ÔóíÁñ ÇáÈóÊøóÉó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇåöÑñ ÝóæúÞó ÚöÈóÇÏöåö íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáÃóãúÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáÃÑúÖö Ëõãøó íóÚúÑõÌõ Åöáóíúåö: ï´¿Åöáóíúåö íóÕúÚóÏõ Çáúßóáöãõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ æóÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ íóÑúÝóÚõåõï´¾ [ÝÇØÑ: 10]¡ ÕóÇÑó áöÞóáúÈöåö ÃóãóãðÇ íóÞúÕöÏõåõ æóÑóÈøðÇ íóÚúÈõÏõå æóÅöáóåðÇ íóÊóæóÌøóåõ Åöáóíúåö¡ ÈöÎóáóÇÝö ãóäú áóÇ íóÏúÑöì Ãóíúäó ÑóÈøõåõº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÖóÇÆöÚñ ãõÔóÊøóÊõ ÇáÞóáÈö áóíúÓó áöÞóáÈöåö ÞöÈúáÉñ íóÊóæóÌøóåõ äóÍúæóåóÇ æóáóÇ ãóÚúÈõæÏñ íóÊóæóÌøóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÞóÕúÏõåõ.



æóÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÍóÇáö ÅöÐóÇ Óóáóßó æóÊóÃóáøóåó æóÊóÚóÈøóÏó ØóáóÈó ÞóáúÈõåõ ÅöáóåðÇ íóÓúßõäõ Åöáóíúåö æóíóÊóæóÌøóåõ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóÞóÏó Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÝóæúÞó ÇáÚóÑúÔö ÔóíÁñ ÅöáÇ ÇáÚóÏóãó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÝóæÞó ÇáÚóÇáóãö Åáóåñ íõÚúÈóÏõ æóíõÕóáøóì áóåõ æóíõÓúÌóÏõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Úóáóì ÇáÚóÑÔö ãóäú íóÕúÚóÏõ Åöáóíúåö Çáßóáöãõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ æóáóÇ íõÑúÝóÚõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ¡ ÌóÇáó ÞóáúÈõåõ Ýöí ÇáæõÌõæÏö ÌóãöíÚöåö ÝóæÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáÇÊøöÍóÇÏö æóáóÇ ÈõÏøó¡ æóÊóÚóáøóÞó ÞóáúÈõåõ ÈöÇáæõÌõæÏö ÇáãõØúáóÞö ÇáÓøóÇÑöí Ýöí ÇáãõÚóíøóäóÇÊö¡ ÝóÇÊøóÎóÐó Åöáóåóåõ ãöäú Ïõæäö Åöáåö ÇáÍóÞøö¡ æóÙóäøó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú æóÕóáó Åáóì Úóíúäö ÇáÍóÞöíÞóÉö! æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÃóáøóåó æóÊóÚóÈøóÏó áöãóÎúáõæÞò ãöËúáöåö¡ æóáöÎóíóÇáò äóÍóÊóåõ ÈöÝößúÑöåö æóÇÊøóÎóÐóåõ ÅöáóåðÇ ãöäú Ïõæäó Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ.



æóÅöáåõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÑóÇÁó Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö: ï´¿Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæóì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãóÇ ãöäú ÔóÝöíÚò ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÅöÐúäöåö Ðóáößõãõ Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõßõãú ÝóÇÚúÈõÏõæåõ ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó * Åöáóíúåö ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóÚúÏó Çááøóåö ÍóÞøðÇ Åöäøóåõ íóÈúÏóÃõ ÇáúÎóáúÞó Ëõãøó íõÚöíÏõåõ áöíóÌúÒöíó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ áóåõãú ÔóÑóÇÈñ ãöäú Íóãöíãò æóÚóÐóÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóßúÝõÑõæäóï´¾ [íæäÓ: 3¡ 4].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæóì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ãöäú æóáöíøò æóáóÇ ÔóÝöíÚò ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó * íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ëõãøó íóÚúÑõÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí íóæúãò ßóÇäó ãöÞúÏóÇÑõåõ ÃóáúÝó ÓóäóÉò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÚõÏøõæäó * Ðóáößó ÚóÇáöãõ ÇáúÛóíúÈö æóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ * ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍúÓóäó ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÎóáóÞóåõ æóÈóÏóÃó ÎóáúÞó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäú Øöíäò * Ëõãøó ÌóÚóáó äóÓúáóåõ ãöäú ÓõáóÇáóÉò ãöäú ãóÇÁò ãóåöíäò * Ëõãøó ÓóæøóÇåõ æóäóÝóÎó Ýöíåö ãöäú ÑõæÍöåö æóÌóÚóáó áóßõãõ ÇáÓøóãúÚó æóÇáúÃóÈúÕóÇÑó æóÇáúÃóÝúÆöÏóÉó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÔúßõÑõæäóï´¾ [ÇáÓÌÏÉ: 4 - 9].



ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÚóÑøóÝó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Åöáóì ÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÈößóáóÇãöåö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉð áóÇ íóÌúÍóÏõåóÇ ÅöáÇ ãóäú ÃóäúßóÑóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ¡ æóÅöäú ÒóÚóãó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÞöÑøñ Èöåö¡ æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏó ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö íóÌúãóÚõ ÇáÞóáúÈó Úóáóì ÇáãóÚúÈõæÏö¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõ áóåõ ÑóÈøðÇ íóÞúÕöÏõåõ æóÕóãóÏðÇ íóÕúãõÏõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÍóæóÇÆöÌöåö æóãóáúÌóÃð íóáúÌóÃõ Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö æóÚóÑóÝó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÇÓúÊóÞóÇãóÊú áóåõ ÚõÈõæÏöíøóÊõåõ¡ æóÕóÇÑó áóåõ ãóÚúÞöáñ æóãóæúÆöáñ íóáúÌóÃõ Åáóíúåö æóíóåúÑóÈõ Åöáóíúåö æóíóÝöÑøõ Ýöí ßõáøö æóÞúÊò Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÚóÈøõÏõåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÈóÇØöäö ÝóÃãúÑñ íóÖöíÞõ äöØóÇÞõ ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Úóäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö¡ æóíóßöáøõ ÇááøóÓóÇäõ Úóäú æóÕúÝöåö¡ æóÊõÕúØóáóãõ ÇáÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÊóÌúÝõæö ÇáÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ Úóäúåõº ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉð ÈóÑöíÆóÉð ãöäú ÔóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö¡ ãõÎóáøóÕóÉð ãöäú ÝóÑúËö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö¡ ãõäóÒøóåóÉð Úóäú ÑöÌúÓö ÇáÍõáõæáö æóÇáÇÊøöÍóÇÏö¡ æóÚöÈóÇÑóÉð ãõÄóÏøöíóÉð áöáúãóÚúäóì ßóÇÔöÝóÉð Úóäúåõ¡ æóÐóæúÞðÇ ÕóÍöíÍðÇ ÓóáöíãðÇ ãöäú ÃóÐúæóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáÇäúÍöÑóÇÝö.



Ýóãóäú ÑõÒöÞó åóÐóÇ Ýóåöãó ãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãöåö ÇáÈóÇØöäö æóÕóÍøó áóåõ ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏõ Èöåö¡ æóÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááåö! ßóãú ÒóáøóÊú Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáãõÞóÇãö ÃóÞúÏóÇãñ¡ æóÖóáøóÊú Ýöíåö ÃóÝúåóÇãñ¡ æóÊóßóáøóãó Ýöíåö ÇáÒøöäúÏöíÞõ ÈöáöÓóÇäö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÇÔúÊóÈóåó Ýöíåö ÅöÎúæóÇäõ ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÈöÇáÍõäóÝóÇÁö ÇáãõÎúáöÕöíäóº áöäõÈõæøö ÇáÃÝúåóÇãö Úóäúåõ¡ æóÚöÒøóÉö ÊóÎóáøõÕö ÇáÍóÞøö ãöäó ÇáÈóÇØöáö Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáÊöÈóÇÓö ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÐøöåúäö ÈöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÎóÇÑöÌö ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ãóäú ÑóÒóÞóåõ Çááåõ ÈóÕöíÑóÉð Ýöí ÇáÍóÞøö¡ æóäõæÑðÇ íõãóíøöÒõ Èöåö Èóíúäó ÇáåõÏóì æóÇáÖøóáÇáö¡ æóÝõÑúÞóÇäðÇ íõÝóÑøöÞõ Èöåö Èóíúäó ÇáÍóÞøö æóÇáÈóÇØöáö¡ æóÑõÒÞó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÇØøöáóÇÚðÇ Úóáóì ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáÎóØÃö æóÊóÝóÑøõÞö ÇáØøõÑõÞö æóãóËóÇÑö ÇáÛóáóØö¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ÈóÕöíÑóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÍóÞøö æóÇáÈóÇØöáö¡ æóÐóáößó ÝóÖúáõ Çááåö íõÄúÊöíöå ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ¡ æóÇááåõ Ðõæ ÇáÝóÖúáö ÇáÚóÙóíãö.



æóÈÇÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö æóÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö åõæó ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÅöÍóÇØóÉö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÈöÇáÚóÇáóãö æóÚóÙóãóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÚóæóÇáöãó ßõáøóåóÇ Ýöí ÞóÈúÖóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö ÇáÓøóÈúÚó æóÇáÃÑúÖöíäó ÇáÓøóÈÚó Ýöí íóÏöåö ßóÎóÑúÏóáóÉò Ýöí íóÏö ÇáÚóÈúÏö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóÅöÐú ÞõáúäóÇ áóßó Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÃóÍóÇØó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ï´¾ [ÇáÅÓÑÇÁ: 60].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿ æóÇááøóåõ ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåöãú ãõÍöíØñ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÑæÌ: 20].



æóáöåóÐóÇ íóÞúÑöäõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Èóíúäó åóÐóíäö ÇáÇÓúãóíäö ÇáÏøóÇáøóíäö Úóáóì åóÐóíúäö ÇáãóÚúäóíóíúäö: ÇÓúãõ ÇáÚõáõæøö ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÔóíÁó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÇáÚóÙóãóÉö ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÅöÍóÇØóÉö æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÔóíÁó Ïõæäóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóåõæó ÇáúÚóáöíøõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãõ ï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 255]¡ [ÇáÔæÑì: 4].



æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿ æóåõæó ÇáúÚóáöíøõ ÇáúßóÈöíÑõ ï´¾ [ÓÈÃ: 23].



æóÞóÇáó: ï´¿ æóáöáøóåö ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞõ æóÇáúãóÛúÑöÈõ ÝóÃóíúäóãóÇ ÊõæóáøõæÇ ÝóËóãøó æóÌúåõ Çááøóåö Åöäøó Çááøóåó æóÇÓöÚñ Úóáöíãñ ï´¾[ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 115].



æóåõæó ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇáÚóÇáöí Úóáóì ÎóáúÞöåö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö ÝóáóíúÓó ÝóæúÞóåõ ÔóíÁñ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáÈóÇØöäõ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö ÝóáóíúÓó Ïõæäóåõ ÔóíÁñ¡ Èóáú ÙóåóÑó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÝóßóÇäó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ æóÈóØóäó ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóåõæó ãõÍöíØñ Èöåö ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íõÍöíØõ ÇáÔøóíÁõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ æõßõáøõ ÔóíÁò Ýöí ÞóÈúÖóÊöåö æóáóíúÓó ÔóíÁñ Ýöí ÞóÈúÖóÉö äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÃóÞóÑÈõ áÅöÍóÇØóÉö ÇáÚóÇãøóÉö.



æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÞõÑúÈõ ÇáãóÐúßõæÑõ Ýöí ÇáÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÝóÞõÑúÈñ ÎóÇÕøñ ãöäú ÚóÇÈöÏöíåö æóÓóÇÆöáöíåö æóÏóÇÚöíåö¡ æóåõæó ãöäú ËóãóÑÉö ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÈóÇØöäö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóÅöÐóÇ ÓóÃóáóßó ÚöÈóÇÏöí Úóäøöí ÝóÅöäøöí ÞóÑöíÈñ ÃõÌöíÈõ ÏóÚúæóÉó ÇáÏøóÇÚö ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÚóÇäöï´¾ [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 186]¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈóÉñ ãöäú ÏóÇÚöíåö.



æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäóï´¾ [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 56]¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáÎóÈóÑó æóåõæó ÞóÑöíÈñ Úóäú áóÝúÙö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö æóåöíó ãõÄóäøóËóÉñ ÅöíöÐóÇäðÇ ÈöÞõÑúÈöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäó ÇáãõÍúÓöäöíäó¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó Çááåó ÈöÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáãõÍúÓöäíäó.



æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ÞóÇáó: «ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáÚóÈúÏõ ãöäú ÑóÈøóåö æóåõæó ÓóÇÌöÏñ»[26].



æ «ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáÑøóÈøõ ãöäú ÚóÈúÏöåö Ýöí ÌóæúÝö Çááøóíúáö»[27]¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈñ ÎóÇÕøñ ÛóíúÑõ ÞõÑúÈö ÇáÅÍóÇØóÉö æóÞõÑúÈö ÇáÈõØõæäö.



æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ãõæÓóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã Ýöí ÓóÝóÑò¡ ÝóÇÑúÊóÝóÚóÊú ÃóÕúæóÇÊõåõã ÈöÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑö ÝóÞóÇáó: «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóÑúÈöÚõæÇ Úáì ÃóäúÝõÓößõãúº ÝÅöäøóßãú áÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäó ÃóÕóãøó æóáÇó ÛóÇÆöÈðÇ¡ Åöäøó ÇáÐöí ÊóÏúÚõæäóåõ ÓóãíÚñ ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏößõãú ãöäú ÚõäõÞö ÑóÇÍöáÊóå»[28]¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈõåõ ãöäú ÏóÇÚöíöå æóÐóÇßöÑöå¡ íóÚúäöí: ÝóÃóíøõ ÍóÇÌóÉò Èößõã Åöáóì ÑóÝúÚö ÇáÃóÕúæóÇÊö æóåõæó áöÞõÑúÈöåö íóÓúãóÚõåóÇ æÅöäú ÎõÝöÖóÊú¡ ßóãóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÑõÝöÚóÊú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÓóãöíÚñ ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÞõÑúÈõ åõæó ãöäú áóæóÇÒöãö ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ ÝóßõáøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÍõÈøõ ÃóÚúÙóãó ßóÇäó ÇáÞõÑúÈõ ÃóßúËóÑó¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóæúáóÊú ãóÍóÈøóÉõ ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö Úóáóì ÞóáÈö ãõÍöÈøöåö ÈóÍíúËõ íóÝúäóì ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóíóÛúáõÈõ ãóÍúÈõæÈõåõ Úóáóì ÞóáúÈöåö ÍóÊóì ßóÃóäøóåõ íóÑóÇåõ æóíõÔóÇåöÏõåõ.



ÝóÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÇÓúãö åõæó ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏõ ÈöÎóÇáöÕö ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÕóÝúæö ÇáæöÏóÇÏö¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÅöáóåõ ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóíÁò æóÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ ãóÚó ßóæúäöåö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ áóíúÓó ÝóæúÞóåõ ÔóíÁñ¡ æóãóäú ßóËøóÝó Ðöåäóåõ æóÛóáøóÙó ØóÈúÚóåõ Úóäú Ýóåúãö åóÐóÇ ÝóáúíóÖúÑöÈú Úóäúåõ ÕóÝúÍðÇ Åóáóì ãóÇ åõæó Ãóæúáì Èöåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú Þöíáó:

ÅöÐóÇ áóãú ÊóÓúÊóØöÚú ÔóíúÆðÇ ÝóÏóÚúåõ
æóÌóÇæöÒúåõ Åöáóì ãóÇ ÊóÓúÊóØöíÚõ


Ýóãóäú áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÐóæúÞñ ãöäú ÞõÑúÈö ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉ ÈöÞõÑúÈö ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö ãöäú ãõÍöÈåö ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáÞõÑúÈö æÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáãóÓóÇÝóÉö¡ æóáÇó ÓöíøóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉõ ãöäú ÇáØóÑóÝóíúäö¡ æóåöíó ãóÍóÈøóÉñ ÈóÑöíÆóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÚöáóáö æóÇáÔøóæóÇÆöÈö æóÇáÃóÚúÑóÇÖö ÇáÞóÇÏöÍóÉö ÝöíåóǺ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáãõÍöÈøó ßóËöíÑðÇ ãóÇ íóÓúÊóæúáöí ãóÍúÈõæÈõåõ Úóáóì ÞóáúÈöåö æóÐößúÑöåö æóíóÝúäóì Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåö æóíóÑöÞøõ ÞóáúÈõåõ æóÊóÊóÌóÑøóÏõ äóÝúÓõåõ¡ ÝóíõÔóÇåöÏõ ãóÍúÈõæÈóåõ ßóÇáÍóÇÖöÑö ãóÚóåó ÇáÞóÑöíÈö Åöáóíúåö æóÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáÈõÚúÏö ãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇáÍóÇáö íóßõæäõ Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö æõÌõæÏõåõ ÇáÚöáúãöíøõ¡ æóÝöí áöÓóÇäöåö æõÌõæÏõå ÇááøóÝúÙöíøõ¡ ÝóíóÓúÊóæúáöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøõåõæÏõ Úóáóíúåö æóíóÛöíÈõ Èöåö¡ ÝóíóÙõäøõ Ãóäøó Ýöí Úóíúäöåö æõÌõæÏóåõ ÇáÎóÇÑöÌöíøó áöÛóáóÈóÉö Íõßúãö ÇáÞóáúÈö æóÇáÑøõæÍö¡ ßóãóÇ Þöíáó:

ÎóíóÇáõßó Ýöí Úóíúäöí æóÐößúÑõßó Ýöí Ýóãöí
æóãóËúæóÇßó Ýöí ÞóáúÈöí ÝóÃóíúäó ÊóÛöíÈõ



åóÐóÇ æóíóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈõ ÈöÚóíúäöåö Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÚóÏõæøöåö æóãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáÈõÚúÏö æóÅöäú ÞóÑõÈóÊú ÇáÃóÈúÏóÇäõ æóÊóáóÇÕóÞóÊö ÇáÏøöíóÇÑõ¡ æóÇáãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáãöËóÇáó ÇáÚöáúãöíøó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõØóÇÈöÞðÇ áóåóÇ¡ áóßöäøó ÇáãöËóÇáó ÇáÚöáúãöíøó ãóÍóáøõåõ ÇáÞóáúÈõ æóÇáÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉõ ãóÍöáøõåóÇ ÇáÎóÇÑöÌõ¡ ÝóãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ åóÐöåö ÇáÃÓúãóÇÁö ÇáÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö æóåöíó: ÇáÃóæøóáõ¡ æóÇáÂÎöÑõ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ¡ æóÇáÈóÇØöäõ åöíó ÃóÑúßóÇäõ ÇáÚöáúãö æóÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉöº ÝóÍóÞöíÞñ ÈöÇáÚóÈúÏö Ãóäú íóÈúáõÛó Ýöí ãóÚúÑöÝóÊóåÇ Åöáóì ÍóíúËõ íóäúÊóåöí Èöåö ÞõæóÇåõ æóÝóåúãõåõ.

æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó áóßó ÃóäúÊó ÃóæøóáðÇ æóÂÎöÑðÇ æóÙóÇåöÑðÇ æóÈóÇØöäðÇ¡ Èóáú ßõáøõ ÔóíÁò Ýóáóåõ Ãóæøóáñ æóÂÎöÑñ æóÙóÇåöÑñ æóÈóÇØöäñ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÇáÎóØóÑóÉö æóÇááøóÍúÙóÉö æóÇáäøóÝóÓö æóÃóÏúäóì ãöäú Ðóáößó æóÃóßúËóÑ¡ ÝóÃæøóáöíøóÉõ Çááåö ÚÒ æÌá ÓóÇÈöÞóÉñ Úóáóì ÃóæøóáíøóÉö ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóÂÎöÑöíøóÊõåõ ËóÇÈöÊóÉñ ÈóÚúÏó ÂÎöÑöíøóÉö ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ ÝóÃóæøóáöíøóÊõåõ ÓóÈúÞõåõ áößõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÂÎöÑöíÊõåõ ÈóÞóÇÄõåõ ÈóÚúÏó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÙóÇåöÑöíøóÊõåõ - ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ - ÝóæúÞöíøóÊõåõ æóÚõáõæøõåõ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÇáÙøõåõæÑö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáÚõáõæøó¡ æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáÔóíÁö åõæó ãóÇ ÚóáóÇ ãöäúåõ æóÃóÍóÇØó ÈöÈóÇØöäöåö¡ æóÈõØõæäõåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÅöÍóÇØóÊõåõ Èößõáøö ÔóíÁò ÈöÍóíúËõ íóßõæäõ ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈñ ÛóíúÑõ ÞõÑúÈö ÇáãõÍöÈøö ãöäú ÍóÈöíÈöåö¡ åóÐóÇ áóæäñ æóåóÐóÇ áóæäñ¡ ÝóãóÏóÇÑõ åóÐöåö ÇáÃÓúãóÇÁö ÇáÃÑúÈóÚóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÅÍóÇØóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÅöÍóÇØóÊóÇäö: ÒóãóÇäöíøóÉñ æóãóßóÇäöíøóÉñ¡ ÝóÅöÍóÇØóÉõ ÃóæøóáöíøóÊöåö æóÂÎöÑöíøóÊöåö ÈöÇáÞóÈúáö æóÇáÈóÚúÏö¡ Ýóßõáøõ ÓóÇÈöÞò ÇäúÊóåóì Åöáóì ÃóæøóáöíøóÊöåö æóßõáøõ ÂÎöÑò ÇäúÊóåóì Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöíøóÊöåö¡ ÝóÃóÍóÇØóÊó ÃóæøóáöíøóÊõåõ æóÂÎöÑöíøóÊõåõ ÈöÇáÃæóÇÆöáö æóÇáÃæóÇÎöÑö¡ æóÃóÍóÇØóÊú ÙóÇåöÑíøóÊõåõ æóÈóÇØöäöíøóÊõåõ Èößõáøö ÙóÇåöÑò æóÈóÇØöäò¡ ÝóãóÇ ãöäú ÙóÇåöÑò ÅöáøóÇ æóÇááåõ ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ æóãóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇØöäò ÅöáøóÇ æóÇááåõ Ïõæóäóåõ¡ æóãóÇ ãöäú Ãóæøóáò ÅöáøóÇ æóÇááåõ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ æóãóÇ ãöäú ÂÎöÑò ÅóáøóÇ æóÇááåõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ: ÝóÇáÃæøóáõ ÞöÏóãõåõ¡ æóÇáÂÎöÑõ ÏóæóÇãõåõ æóÈóÞóÇÄõåõ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Úõáõæøõåõ æóÚóÙóãóÊõåõ¡ æóÇáÈóÇØöäõ ÞõÑúÈõåõ æóÏõäõæøõåõ¡ ÝóÓóÈóÞó ßõáøó ÔóíÁò ÈöÃóæøóáöíøóÊöåö¡ æóÈóÞóì ÈóÚúÏó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÈöÂÎöÑöíøóÊöåö¡ æóÚáóÇ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÈöÙõåõæÑöåö¡ æóÏóäóÇ ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóíÁò ÈöÈõØõæäöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõæóÇÑöí ãöäúåõ ÓóãóÇÁð æóáóÇ ÃóÑúÖñ ÃóÑúÖðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúÌõÈõ Úóäúå ÙóÇåöÑñ ÈóÇØöäðÇ¡ Èóáö ÇáÈóÇØöäõ áóåõ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóÇáÛóíúÈõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÔóåóÇÏóÉñ¡ æóÇáÈóÚöíÏõ ãöäúå ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ æóÇáÓøöÑøõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÚóáóÇäóíóÉñ¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáÃÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáÃÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÊóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóì ÃóÑúßóÇäö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáÃæøóáõ Ýöí ÂÎöÑöíøóÊöåö æóÇáÂÎöÑõ Ýöí ÃóæøóáíøóÊöåö¡ æóÇáÙóÇåöÑõ Ýöí ÈõØõæäöåö æóÇáÈóÇØöäõ Ýöí ÙõåõæÑöåö¡ áóãú íóÒóáú ÃóæøóáðÇ æóÂÎöÑðÇ¡ æóÙóÇåöÑðÇ æóÈóÇØöäðÇ.



æóÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏõ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÃÓúãóÇÁö ÑõÊúÈóÊóÇäö: ÇáÑøõÊúÈóÉõ ÇáÃõæáóì Ãóäú ÊóÔúåóÏó ÇáÃóæøóáöíøóÉó ãöäúåó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÇáÂÎöÑöíøóÉó ÈóÚúÏó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÇáÚõáõæøó æóÇáÝóæúÞöíøóÉõ ÝóæúÞó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÇáÞõÑÈó æóÇáÏøõäõæó Ïóæõäó ßõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ ÝóÇáãóÎúáõæÞõ íóÍúÌõÈõåõ ãöËúáõåõ ÚóãøóÇ åõæó Ïõæäóåõ ÝóíóÕöíÑõ ÇáÍóÇÌöÈõ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáãóÍúÌõæÈö¡ æóÇáÑøóÈøõ Ìá ÌáÇáå æÊÞÏÓÊ ÃÓãÇÄå áóíúÓó Ïõæäóåõ ÔóíÁñ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ÇáÎóáúÞö ãöäúåõ¡ æóÇáãóÑúÊóÈóÉõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ãöäú ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö Ãóäú íõÚóÇãóáó ßõáøõ ÇÓúãò ÈöãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ¡ ÝóíõÚóÇãóáõ ÓóÈúÞõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃæøóáöíøóÊöåö áößõáøö ÔóíÁò¡ æóÓóÈúÞõåõ ÈöÝóÖúáöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö ÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈó ßõáøóåóÇ ÈöãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö Ðóáößó ãöäú ÅöÝúÑóÇÏöåö æóÚóÏóãö ÇáÇáÊöÝóÇÊö Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö æóÇáæõËõæÞö ÈöÓöæóÇåõ æóÇáÊøóæóßøõáö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ Ýóãóäú ÐóÇ ÇáÐöí ÔóÝóÚó áößó Ýöí ÇáÃóÒóáö ÍöíúËõ áóãú Êóßõäú ÔóíúÆðÇ ãóÐúßõæÑðÇ ÍóÊøóì ÓóãøóÇßó ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáÅÓúáóÇãö¡ æóæóÓóãóßó ÈöÓöãóÉö ÇáÅíãóÇäö¡ æóÌóÚóáóßó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÞóÈúÖóÉö Çáíóãöíäö¡ æóÃóÞúØóÚóßó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÛóíúÈö ÚóãóÇáóÇÊö ÇáãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÚóÕóãóßó Úóäö ÇáÚöÈóÇÏóÉö áöáúÚóÈöíÏö¡ æóÃóÚúÊóÞóßó ãöäó ÇáÊöÒóÇãö ÇáÑøöÞøö áöãóäú áóåõ Ôóßúáñ æóäóÏöíÏñ¡ Ëõãøó æóÌøöåú æöÌúåóÉó ÞóáúÈößó Åöáóíúåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ ÝóÇÖúÑóÚú Åöáóì ÇáÐöí ÚóÕóãóßó ãöäó ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöáÕøóäóãö¡ æóÞóÖì áóßó ÈöÞóÏóãö ÇáÕøöÏúÞö Ýöí ÇáÞöÏóãö¡ Ãóäú íõÊöãøó Úóáóíúßó äöÚúãóÉð åõæó ÇÈúÊóÏóÃóåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÃóæøóáöíøóÊõåóÇ ãöäúåõ ÈöáóÇ ÓóÈóÈò ãöäúßó¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÈöåöãøóÊößó Úóäú ãõáóÇÍóÙóÉö ÇáÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÑúßóäóäøó Åöáóì ÇáÑøõÓõæãö æóÇáÂËóÇÑö¡ æóáÇ ÊóÞúäóÚú ÈöÇáÎóÓöíÓö ÇáÏøõæäö¡ æóÚóáóíúßó ÈöÇáãóØóÇáöÈö ÇáÚóÇáíóÉö æóÇáãóÑÇÊöÈö ÇáÓøóÇãöíóÉö ÇáÊöí áÇó ÊõäóÇáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÇÚóÉö Çááåöº ÝóÅöäøó Çááåó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÞóÖóì Ãóäú áóÇ íõäóÇáó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó ááåö ßóãóÇ íõÑöíÏõ ßóÇäó Çááåõ áóåõ ÝóæúÞó ãóÇ íõÑöíÏõ¡ Ýóãóäú ÃóÞúÈóáó Åöáóíúåö ÊóáóÞøóÇåõ ãöäú ÈóÚöíÏò¡ æóãóäú ÊóÕóÑøóÝó ÈöÍóæúáöåö æóÞõæøóÊöåö ÃóáóÇäó áóåõ ÇáÍóÏöíÏó¡ æóãóäú ÊóÑóßó áÃóÌúáöåö ÃóÚúØóÇåõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáãóÒöíÏö¡ æóãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ãõÑóÇÏóåõ ÇáÏøöíäöíøó ÃóÑóÇÏó ãóÇ íõÑöíÏõ¡ Ëõãøó ÇÓúãõ ÈöÓöÑøößó Åöáóì ÇáãóØúáóÈö ÇáÃóÚúáóì¡ æóÇÞúÕöÑú ÍõÈøóßó æóÊóÞóÑøõÈóßó Úóáóì ãóäú ÓóÈóÞó ÝóÖúáõåõ æóÅöÍúÓóÇäõåõ Åöáóíúßó ßõáøó ÓóÈóÈò ãöäúßó¡ Èóáú åõæó ÇáÐöí ÌóÇÏó Úóáóíúßó ÈöÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈö¡ æóåóíà áóßó æóÕóÑóÝó Úóäúßó ãóæóÇäöÚóåóÇ¡ æóÃóæúÕóáóßó ÈöåóÇ Åöáóì ÛóÇíóÊößó ÇáãóÍúãõæÏóÉö¡ ÝóÊóæóßøóáú Úóáóíúåö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ æóÚóÇãöáúåõ æóÍúÏóåõ¡ æóÂËöÑú ÑöÖóÇåõ æóÍúÏóåõ¡ æóÇÌúÚóáú ÍõÈøóåõ æóãóÑúÖóÇÊóåõ åõæó ßóÚúÈóÉõ ÞóáúÈößó ÇáÊöí áóÇ ÊóÒóÇáõ ØóÇÆöÝðÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ ãõÓúÊóáöãðÇ áÃóÑúßóÇäöåóÇ¡ æóÇÞöÝðÇ ÈöãõáúÊóÒöãöåóÇ.



ÝóíóÇ ÝóæúÒóßó æóíóÇ ÓóÚóÇÏóÊóßó Åöäö ÇØøóáÚó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãöäú ÞóáúÈößó¡ ãóÇÐóÇ íóÝöíÖõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ãóáóÇÈöÓö äöÚóãöåö æóÎöáóÚö ÃóÝúÖóÇáöåö¡ «Çááøóåõãøó áóÇ ãóÇäöÚó áöãóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúÊó¡ æóáóÇ ãõÚúØöíó áöãóÇ ãóäóÚúÊó¡ æóáóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ ÐóÇ ÇáÌóÏøö ãöäúßó ÇáÌóÏøõ¡ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóßó æóÈöÍóãúÏößó»[29]¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÊóÚÈøóÏó áóåõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÂÎöÑö ÈöÃäú ÊóÌúÚóáóåõ æóÍúÏóåõ ÛóÇíóÊóßó ÇáÊöí áóÇ ÛóÇíóÉó áóßó ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóØúáõæÈó áóßó æóÑóÇÁóåõ¡ ÝóßóãóÇ ÇäúÊóåóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÇáÃæóÇÎöÑõ æóßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó ßõáøö ÂÎöÑò ÝóßóÐóáößó ÇÌúÚóáú äöåóÇíóÊóßó Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Åöáóì ÑóÈøößö ÇáãõäúÊóåóì¡ Åöáóíúåö ÇäúÊóåóÊö ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ æóÇáÛóÇíóÇÊõ ÝóáóíúÓó æóÑóÇÁóåõ ãóÑúãóì íóäúÊóåöí Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó æóÚóáóì ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö.



æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö ÇáÈóÇØöäö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÔóåöÏúÊó ÅöÍóÇØóÊóåõ ÈöÇáÚóæóÇáöãö æóÞõÑúÈó ÇáÚóÈöíÏö ãöäúåõ æóÙõåõæÑó ÇáÈóæÇØöäö áóåõ æóÈõÏõæøó ÇáÓøóÑóÇÆöÑö æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÔóíÁó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäóåóÇ ÝóÚóÇãöáúåõ ÈöãõÞúÊóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøõåõæÏö¡ æóØóåøöÑú áóåõ ÓóÑöíÑóÊóßóº ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÚóáóÇäöíóÉñ¡ æóÃóÕúáöÍú áóåú ÛóíúÈóßóº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÔóåóÇÏóÉñ¡ æóÒóßøö áóåõ ÈóÇØöäóßóº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÙóÇåöÑñ.



ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßóÇäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáÃÑúÈÚóÉõ ÌöãóÇÚó ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÇááåö¡ æóÌöãóÇÚó ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö áóåõ¡ ÝóåõäóÇ æóÞóÝóÊú ÔóåóÇÏóÉõ ÇáÚóÈúÏö ãóÚó ÝóÖúáö ÎóÇáöÞöåö æóãöäøóÊöåö ÝóáóÇ íóÑóì áöÛóíúÑöåö ÔóíúÆðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Èöåö æóÈöÍóæúáöåö æóÞõæøóÊöåö¡ æóÛóÇÈó ÈöÝóÖúáö ãóæúáóÇåõ ÇáÍóÞøö Úóäú ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ãöäúåõ åõæó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó íóÓúÊóäöÏõ Åöáóíúåö Ãóæú íÊóÍóáøóì Èöåö Ãóæú íóÊøóÎöÐõåõ ÚõÞúÏóåõ Ãóæú íóÑóÇåú áöíóæúãö ÝóÇÞóÊöåö Ãóæú íóÚúÊóãöÏõ Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ãõåöãøò ãöäú ãõåöãøóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÞõÕõæÑö äóÙóÑöåö æóÇäúÚößóÇÓöåö Úóäö ÇáÍóÞóÇÆöÞö æóÇáÃÕõæáö Åöáóì ÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈö æóÇáÝõÑõæÚö ßóãóÇ åõæó ÔóÃúäõ ÇáØøóÈöíÚóÉö æóÇáåóæóì æóãõæúÌöÈö ÇáÙøõáúãö æóÇáÌóåúáö¡ æóÇáÅöäúÓóÇäõ Ùóáõæãñ Ìóåõæáñ¡ Ýóãóäú Ìóáóì Çááåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÕóÏóÃó ÈóÕöíÑóÊöåö æóßóãøóáó ÝöØúÑóÊóåõ æóÃóæúÞóÝóåõ Úóáóì ãóÈóÇÏöÆö ÇáÃõãõæÑö æóÛóÇíóÇÊöåóÇ æóãóäóÇØöåóÇ æóãóÕóÇÏöÑöåóÇ æóãóæóÇÑöÏöåóÇ ÃóÕúÈóÍó ßóÇáãõÝúáöÓö ÍóÞøðÇ ãöäú Úõáõæãöåö æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåö æóÃóÍúæóÇáöåö æóÃÐúæóÇÞöåö¡ íóÞõæáõ: ÃóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõ Çááåó ãöäú Úöáúãöí æóãöäú Úóãóáöí¡ Ãóíú ãöäó ÇäúÊöÓóÇÈöí ÅöáíúåöãóÇ æóÛóíúÈóÊöí ÈöåöãóÇ Úóäú ÝóÖúáö ãóäú ÐóßóÑäöí ÈöåöãóÇ æóÇÈúÊóÏóÃäöì ÈÅÚúØóÇÆöåöãóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóÞóÏøõãö ÓóÈóÈò ãöäøöí íõæÌöÈõ Ðóáößó¡ Ýóåõæó áóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ ÛóíúÑó ÝóÖúáö ãóæúáóÇåõ æóÓóÈúÞö ãöäøóÊöåö æóÏóæóÇãöåö¡ ÝóíõËöíÈõåõ ãóæúáóÇåõ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáÚóÇáöíóÉö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÇáÃæúÓóØö Èóíúäó ÇáÝóÞúÑóíúäö ÇáÃÏúäóì æóÇáÃÚúáóì ËóæóÇÈóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÇáÎóáóÇÕõ ãöäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáÃÚúãóÇáö ÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó íóÑóÇåóÇ æóíóÊóãóÏøóÍõ ÈöåóÇ æóíóÓúÊóßúËöÑõåóÇ ÝóíóÓúÊóÛúÑöÞõ ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáÝóÖúáö ÛóÇÆöÈðÇ ÚóäúåóÇ ÐóÇåöÈðÇ ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóÇäöíðÇ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÊöåóÇ¡ ÇáËøóæóÇÈõ ÇáËøóÇäöí Ãóäú íóÞúØóÚóåõ Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáÃÍúæÇáö¡ Ãóíú Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö äóÝúÓöåö ÝöíåóÇ ãõÊóßóËøöÑÉð ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÍóÇáó ãóÍóáøõåõ ÇáÕøóÏúÑö¡ æóÇáÕøóÏúÑõ ÈóíúÊõ ÇáÞóáúÈö æóÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ äóÒóáó ÇáÚóØóÇÁõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÏúÑö áöáúÞóáúÈö ËóÈóÊóÊö ÇáäøóÝúÓõ áöÊóÃóÎõÐó äóÕöíÈóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÚóØóÇÁö¡ ÝóÊóÊóãóÏøóÍó Èöå æóÊõÏöá Èå æóÊóÒåæ æóÊÓúÊóØöíáó æóÊõÞóÑøöÑó ÃóäóÇäöíøóÊóåóÇ áÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóÇåöáÉñ ÙóÇáöãóÉñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÌóåúáö æóÇáÙøõáúãö.



ÝóÅöÐóÇ æóÕóáó Åöáóì ÇáÞóáúÈö äõæÑõ ÕöÝóÉö ÇáãöäøóÉö¡ æóÔóåöÏó ãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãöåö ÇáãóäøóÇäö¡ æóÊóÌóáøóì ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Úóáóì ÞóáúÈö ÚóÈúÏöåö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÇÓúãö ãóÚó ÇÓúãöåö ÇáÃæøóáö¡ Ðóåóáó ÇáÞóáúÈõ æóÇáäøóÝúÓõ Èöåö¡ æóÕóÇÑó ÇáÚóÈúÏõ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ Åöáóì ãóæúáÇåõ ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÓóÈúÞö ÝóÖúáöåö ÇáÃóæøóáö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ãóÞúØõæÚðÇ Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö ÃóãúÑò Ãóæú ÍóÇáò íóäúÓöÈõåõ Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÍóíúËõ íóßõæäõ ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö áöÍóÇáöåö ãóÝúÕõæãðÇ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ãöäøóÉö ÎóÇáöÞöåö æóÝóÖúáöåö æóãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÓóÈúÞö ÇáÃóæøóáöíóÉö áöáúÃÓúÈóÇÈö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóÛóÇÆöÈñ ÈöãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÚöÒøóÉö äóÝúÓöåö Úóäú ÚöÒøóÉö ãóæúáóÇåõ¡ ÝóíóäúÚóßöÓõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÃãúÑõ Ýöí ÍóÞøö åóÐóÇ ÇáÚóÈúÏö ÇáÝÞíÑö æóÊóÔúÛóáõåõ ÑõÄúíóÉõ ÚöÒøóÉö ãóæúáóÇåõ æóãöäøóÊöåö æóãõÔóÇåóÏóÉõ ÓóÈúÞöåö ÈöÇáÃæøóáíøóÉö Úóäú ÍóÇáò íóÚúÊóÒøõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÚóÈúÏõ Ãóæú íóÔúÑõÝõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åöáóì ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáÝóÖúáö íõãóÍøöÕõ ãöäú ÃÏúäóÇÓö ãõØóÇáóÚóÇÊö ÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊö¡ ÝóÇáãóÞóÇãõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÇÓöÎðÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáÍóÇáõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÚóÇÑöÖðÇ áóÇ íóÏõæãõ¡ ÝóãõØóÇáóÚóÇÊõ ÇáãóÞóÇãóÉö æóÊóÔóæøóÝõåõ ÈöåóÇ æóßóæúäõåõ íóÑóì äóÝúÓöåö ÕóÇÍöÈó ãóÞóÇãò ÞóÏú ÍóÞøóÞóåõ æóßóãøóáóåõ ÝóÇÓúÊóÍóÞøó Ãóäú íõäúÓóÈó Åöáóíúåö æóíõæÕóÝó Èöåö¡ ãöËúáõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÒóÇåöÏñ ÕóÇÈöÑñ ÎóÇÆöÝñ ÑóÇÌò ãõÍöÈøñ ÑóÇÖò¡ Ýóßóæúäõåõ íóÑóì äóÝúÓóåõ ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøðÇ ÈöÃóäú ÊõÖóÇÝó ÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊõ Åöáóíúåö æóÈöÃóäú íõæÕóÝó ÈöåóÇ - Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö áöåóÇ - ÎõÑõæÌñ Úóäö ÇáÝóÞúÑö Åöáóì ÇáÛöäóì¡ æóÊóÚóÏøò áöØóæúÑö ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíóÉö¡ æóÌóåúáñ ÈöÍóÞøö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åóáóì ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÈöãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÇáÝóÖúáö íóÓúÊóÛúÑöÞõ åöãøóÉó ÇáÚÈÏö æóíõãóÍøöÕõåõ æóíõØóåøöÑõåõ ãöäú ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáÃóÏúäóÇÓö¡ ÝóíóÕöíÑõ ãõÕóÝøðì ÈöäõæÑö Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Úóäú ÑóÐóÇÆöáö åóÐöåö ÇáÃÑúÌóÇÓö.



Þóæúáõåõ «æóÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ ÕöÍøóÉõ ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑ¡ æóÇáæõÞõæÚõ Ýöí íóÏö ÇáÊøóÞóØøõÚö ÇáæóÍúÏóÇäöíøö¡ æóÇáÇÍöÊöÈÇÓõ Ýöí ÈóíúÏóÇÁó ÞóíúÏõ ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÕøõæöÝíøóÉö»¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÊóíúäö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÊóíúäö ÚöäúÏó ÃóÑúÈóÇÈö ÇáÓøõáõæßö¡ æóåöíó ÇáÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáÊöí ÔóãøóÑõæÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÍóÇãõæÇ ÍóæúáóåóǺ ÝóÅäøó ÇáÝóÞúÑó ÇáÃæøóáó ÝóÞúÑñ Úóäö ÇáÃÚúÑóÇÖö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáÝóÞúÑó ÇáËøóÇäöí ÝóÞúÑñ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáãóÞóÇãóÇÊö æóÇáÃÍúæóÇáö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÝóÞúÑõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ ÝóÞúÑñ Úóäú ãõáÇóÍóÙóÉö ÇáãóæÌõæÏö ÇáÓøóÇÊöÑö áöáúÚóÈúÏö Úóäú ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÇáæõÌõæÏö¡ ÝóíóÈúÞóì ÇáæÌõæÏõ ÇáÍóÇÏöËõ Ýöí ÞóÈúÖóÉö ÇáÍóÞøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ßóÇáåóÈóÇÁö ÇáãóäúËõæÑö Ýöí ÇáåóæóÇÁö¡ íóÊóÞóáøóÈõ ÈöÊóÞáöíÈöåö ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ æóíóÓöíÑõ Ýöí ÔóÇåöÏö ÇáÚóÈúÏö ßóãóÇ åõæó Ýöí ÇáÎóÇÑöÌö¡ ÝóÊóãúÍõæ ÑõÄúíóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö Úóäö ÇáÚóÈúÏö ÔóæóÇåöÏó ÇÓúÊöÈúÏóÇÏöåö æóÇÓúÊöÞúáóÇáöåö ÈöÃóãúÑò ãöäó ÇáÃõãõæÑö¡ æóáóæú Ýöí ÇáäøóÝóÓö æóÇááøóãúÍóÉö æóÇáØøóÑúÝóÉö æóÇáåöãøóÉö æóÇáÎóÇØöÑö æóÇáæÓúæóÓóÉö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáãõÑöíÏö ÇáÍóÞøö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÏúÈöíÑöåö æóãóÔöíÆóÊöåö¡ ÝóíóÈúÞóì ÇáÚóÈúÏõ ßóÇáßõÑóÉö ÇáãõáúÞóÇÉö Èóíúäó ÕóæúáóÌóÇäóÇÊö ÇáÞóÖóÇÁö æóÇáÞóÏóÑö ÊõÞóáøöÈõåóÇ ßóíúÝó ÔóÇÁóÊú ÈöÕöÍøóÉö ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÞóíøõæãöíøóÉö ãóäú áóåõ ÇáÎóáúÞõ æóÇáÃóãúÑõ æóÊóÝóÑøõÏõåõ ÈöÐóáößó Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ.



æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÃóãúÑõ áóÇ íõÏúÑóßõ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáÚöáúãö¡ æóáóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÅöáÇ ãóäú ÊóÍóÞøóÞó Èöåö Ãóæú áóÇÍó áõåú ãöäúå ÈóÇÑöÞñ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ Ðóåóáó ÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáãóÔúåóÏö Úóäö ÇáÔøõÚõæÑö ÈöæõÌõæÏöåö áöÛóáóÈóÉö ÔõåõæÏö æõÌõæÏö ÇáÞóíøõæãö Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóåõäóÇßó íóÕöÍøõ ãöäú ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÚóÈúÏö ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑõ Åöáóì ÇáÍóíøö ÇáÞóíøõæãö¡ æóÔóåÏó Ýöí ßõáøö ÐóÑøóÉò ãöäú ÐóÑøóÇÊöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉö æóÇáÈóÇØöäóÉö ÝóÞúÑðÇ ÊóÇãøðÇ Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ßóæúäöåö ÑóÈøðÇ æóãöäú ÌöåóÉö ßóæúäöåö ÅöáóåðÇ ãóÚúÈõæÏðÇ áóÇ Ûöäóí áóåõ Úóäúåõ ßóãóÇ áóÇ æõÌõæÏó áóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÃóÚúáóì ÇáÐöí ÏóÇÑóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÑóÍóì ÇáÞóæúãö¡ Èóáú åõæó ÞõØúÈõ Êöáúßó ÇáÑøóÍóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÕöÍøõ áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÈöãóÚúÑöÝóÊóíúäö áÇó ÈõÏøó ãöäúåõãóÇ: ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö æóÇáÅáöåíøóÉö¡ æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö¡ ÝóåõäóÇáößó ÊóÊöãøõ áóåõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÝóÞúÑö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÚúØóì åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÊóíúäö ÍóÞøóåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö ÇÊøóÕóÝó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÍóÇáðÇ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóÛúäóÇåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ãóäú ÝóÞöíÑò¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÚóÒøóåõ ãöäú Ðóáöíáò¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÞóæÇåõ ãöäú ÖóÚöíÝò¡ æóãóÇ ÂäóÓóåõ ãöäú æóÍöíÏò¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáÛóäöíøõ ÈóáÇ ãóÇáò¡ ÇáÞóæöíøõ ÈóáóÇ ÓõáúØóÇäò¡ ÇáÚóÒöíÒõ ÈöáóÇ ÚóÔöíÑÉò¡ ÇáãóßúÝöíøõ ÈöáóÇ ÚóÊóÇÏò¡ ÞóÏú ÞóÑøóÊú Úóíúäõåõ ÈöÇááåö ÝóÞóÑøóÊú Èöåö ßõáøõ Úóíúäò¡ æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóì ÈöÇááåö ÝóÇÝúÊóÞóÑó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÃóÛúäöíóÇÁõ æóÇáãõáõæßõ¡ æóáÇó íóÊöãøõ áóåõ Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÈóÑóÇÁóÉö ãöäú ÝóÑúËö ÇáÌóÈúÑö æóÏóãöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ Åöäú ØóÑóÞó ÈóÇÈó ÇáÌóÈúÑö ÇäúÍóáøó Úóäúåõ äöÙóÇãõ ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö¡ æóÎóáóÚó ÑöÈúÞóÉó ÇáÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú ÚõäõÞöåö¡ æóÔóåöÏó ÃóÝúÚóÇáóåõ ßõáøóåóÇ ØóÇÚóÇÊò áöáúÍõßúãö ÇáÞóÏóÑöíøö Çáßóæúäöíøö¡ æóÃóäúÔóÏó:

ÃóÕúÈóÍúÊõ ãõäúÝóÚöáðÇ áãóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõåõ
ãöäøöì ÝóÝöÚúáöí ßõáøõå ØóÇÚóÇÊñ
æÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó áóåõ: ÇÊøóÞö Çááåó æóáóÇ ÊóÚúÕöåö¡ íóÞõæáõ: Åöäú ßõäúÊõ ÚóÇÕöíðÇ áÃóãúÑöåö ÝóÃóäóÇ ãõØöíÚñ áöÍõßúãöåö æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö! ÝóåóÐóÇ ãõäúÓóáöÎñ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚö¡ ÈóÑöíÁñ ãöäú ÏóÚúæóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ ÔóÞöíÞñ áöÚóÏõæøö Çááåö ÅöÈúáíÓó¡ Èóáú æóÙöíÝóÉõ ÇáÝóÞöíÑö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáãóæúÖöÚö æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇáÖøóÑæõÑóÉö ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉõ ÇáÃóãúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ æóÑõÄúíóÉõ ÞöíóÇãöåö ÈöÇáÃÝúÚóÇáö æóÕõÏõæÑöåóÇ ãöäúåõ ßóÓúÈðÇ æÇÎúÊöíóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÊóÚóáøõÞõ ÇáÃãúÑö æóÇáäøóåúíö ÈöåóÇ ØóáóÈðÇ æóÊóÑúßðÇ¡ æóÊóÑóÊøõÈö ÇáÐãøö æóÇáãóÏúÍö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÔóÑúÚðÇ æóÚóÞúáðÇ¡ æóÊóÚóáøõÞõ ÇáËøóæóÇÈö æóÇáÚöÞóÇÈö ÈöåóÇ ÂÌöáðÇ æóÚóÇÌöáðÇ¡ ÝóãóÊóì ÇÌúÊóãóÚó áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøõåõæÏõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Åöáóì ÔõåõæÏö ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ýöí ÍóÑóßóÇÊöåö æóÓóßóäóÇÊöåö¡ æóÇáÝóÇÞóÉõ ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉõ Åöáóì ãõÞóáøöÈö ÇáÞõáõæÈö æóãóäú ÈöíóÏöåö óÃÒöãøóÉõ ÇáÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö æóãóäú ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÇÁó ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÌóÈó æõÌõæÏõåõ æóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÔóÃö ÇãúÊóäóÚó æõÌõæÏõåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áÇó åóÇÏöíó áöãóäú ÃóÖóáøóåõ æóáóÇ ãõÖöáøó áöãóäú åóÏóÇåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáÐöí íõÍóÑøößõ ÇáÞõáæÈó ÈöÇáÅÑóÇÏóÇÊö æóÇáÌóæóÇÑöÍó ÈöÇáÃÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÃäøóåóÇ ãõÏóÈøóÑóÉñ ÊóÍúÊó ÊóÓúÎöíÑöåö ãõÐóáøóáóÉñ ÊóÍúÊó ÞóåúÑöåö¡ æóÃäøóåóÇ ÃóÚúÌóÒõ æóÃóÖúÚóÝõ ãöäú Ãóäú ÊóÊóÍóÑøóßó ÈöÏõæäö ãóÔöíÆóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ãóÔöíÆóÊóåõ äóÇÝöÐóÉñ ÝöíåóÇ ßóãóÇ åöíó äóÇÝöÐóÉñ Ýöí ÍóÑóßóÇÊö ÇáÃÝúáóÇßö æóÇáãöíÇåö æóÇáÃÔúÌóÇÑö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÍóÑøóßó ßõáøðÇ ãöäõåóÇ ÈöÓóÈóÈò ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÊóÍúÑöíßóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóÇáöÞõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ÇáãõÞúÊóÖöí¡ æóÎóÇáöÞõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ÎóÇáöÞñ áöáúãõÓóÈøóÈö¡ ÝóÎóÇáöÞõ ÇáÅÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáÌóÇÒöãóÉö ÇáÊöí åöíó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáÍóÑóßóÉö æóÇáÝöÚúáö ÇáÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöíøö ÎóÇáöÞñ áóåõÜãóÇ¡ æóÍõÏõæËõ ÇáÅÑóÇÏóÉö ÈöáóÇ ÎóÇáöÞò ãõÍúÏöËò ãõÍóÇáñ¡ æóÍõÏõæËõåóÇ ÈöÇáÚóÈúÏö ÈöáóÇ ÅöÑóÇÏóÉò ãöäúåõ ãõÍóÇáñ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈöÅöÑóÇÏóÉò ÝóÅöÑóÇÏóÊõåõ ßóÐóáößó¡ æóíóÓúÊóÍöíáõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÊøóÓóáúÓõáõ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáò ÃóæúÌóÏó Êöáúßó ÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉó ÇáÊöí åöíó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáÝöÚúáö.



ÝóåõäóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÇáÝóÞúÑõ æóÇáÝóÇÞóÉõ æóÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉõ Åöáóì ãóÇáößö ÇáÅÑóÇÏóÇÊö æóÑóÈøö ÇáÞõáõæÈö æóãõÕóÑøöÝöåóÇ ßóíúÝó ÔóÇÁó¡ ÝóãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Ãóäú íõÒöíÛóåõ ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÒóÇÛóåõ æóãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Ãóäú íõÞöíãóåõ ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÞóÇãóåõ: ï´¿ÑóÈøóäóÇ áóÇ ÊõÒöÛú ÞõáõæÈóäóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú åóÏóíúÊóäóÇ æóåóÈú áóäóÇ ãöäú áóÏõäúßó ÑóÍúãóÉð Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáúæóåøóÇÈõï´¾ [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 8]¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÝóÞúÑõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ÇáãõØóÇÈöÞõ áöáúÚóÞúáö æóÇáÝöØúÑóÉö æóÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ æóãóäú ÎóÑóÌó Úóäúåõ æóÇäúÍóÑóÝó Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáØøóÑóÝóíúäö ÒóÇÛó ÞóáúÈõåõ Úóäö ÇáåõÏóì¡ æóÚóØøóáó ãõáúßó Çáãóáößö ÇáÍóÞøö æóÇäúÝöÑóÇÏóåõ ÈöÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö æóÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö Úóäú ÃóæóÇãöÑöåö æóÔóÑúÚöåö æóËóæóÇÈöåö æóÚöÞóÇÈöåö.



æóÍõßúãõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÝóÞöíÑö ÇáãõÖúØóÑøö Åöáóì ÎóÇáöÞöåö Ýöí ßõáøö ØóÑúÝóÉö Úóíúäò æóßõáøö äóÝóÓò Ãóäøóåõ Åöäú ÍóÑøóßó ÈöØóÇÚóÉò Ãóæú äöÚúãóÉò ÔóßóÑóåóÇ æóÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáö Çááåö æóãóäøöåö æóÌõæÏöåö Ýóáåõ ÇáÍóãúÏõ¡ æóÅöäú ÍóÑøóßó ÈöãóÈóÇÏöí ãóÚúÕöíóÊöåö ÕóÑóÎó æóáÌóÃó æóÇÓúÊóÛóÇËó æóÞóÇáó: ÃóÚõæÐõ Èößó ãöäúßó¡ íóÇ ãõÞóáøöÈó ÇáÞõáõæÈö ËóÈøöÊú ÞóáúÈöí Úóáóì Ïöíäößó¡ íóÇ ãõÕóÑøöÝó ÇáÞõáõæÈö ÕóÑøöÝú ÞóáúÈöí Úóáóì ØóÇÚóÊößó¡ ÝóÅöäú Êóãøó ÊóÍúÑíßõåõ ÇáúÊóÌóÃó ÈöÇáãóÚúÕöíÉö ÇáÊóÌóÇÁó ÃóÓöíÑò ÞóÏú ÃóÓóÑóåõ ÚóÏõæøõåõ æóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÎóáóÇÕó áóåõ ãöäú ÃóÓúÑöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃä íóÝúÊóßøóåõ ÓóíøöÏõåõ ãöäó ÇáÃóÓúÑö¡ ÝóÝößóÇßõåõ Ýöí íóÏö ÓóíøöÏöåö áóíúÓó Ýöí íóÏöåö ãöäúåõ ÔóíÁñ ÇáÈóÊøóÉó¡ æóáóÇ íóãúáößõ áöäóÝúÓöåö ÖóÑøðÇ æóáóÇ äóÝúÚðÇ æóáóÇ ãóæúÊðÇ æóáóÇ ÍóíóÇÉð æóáóÇ äõÔõæÑðÇ¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ÃóÓúÑö ÇáÚóÏõæøö äóÇÙöÑñ Åöáóì ÓóíøöÏöåö æóåõæó ÞóÇÏöÑñ¡ ÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÏøóÊú ÖóÑõæÑóÊõåõ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÕóÇÑó ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏõå ßõáøõåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÞóÇáó Óóåúáñ: «ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáÇáÊöÌóÇÁõ Úóáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáÇöÈúÊöáóÇÁö»¡ íóÚúäöì: æóÚóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÇáÇÈúÊöáóÇÁö Êóßõæäõ ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÈöÇáãõÈúÊóáöí.



æóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó Þóæúáóåõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã: «æóÃóÚõæÐõ Èößó ãöäúßó»[30]¡ æóÞóÇãó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÔõåõæÏðÇ æóÐóæúÞðÇ¡ æóÃóÚúØóÇåóÇ ÍóÞøóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö Ýóåõæó ÇáÝóÞöíÑõ ÍóÞøðÇ¡ æóãóÏóÇÑõ ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáßóáöãóÉö¡ Ýóãóäú Ýóåöãó ÓöÑøó åóÐóÇ Ýóåöãó ÓöÑøó ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÇáãõÍóãøóÏöíøö¡ Ýóåõæó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ÇáÐöí íõäúÌöí ãöäú ÞóÖóÇÆöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÐöí íõÚöíÐõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÏúÝóÚó ãóÇ ãöäúåõ ÈöãóÇ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÇáÎóáúÞõ ßõáøõåõ áóåõ¡ æóÇáÃãúÑõ ßõáøõå áóåõ¡ æóÇáÍõßúãõ ßõáøõåõ áóåõ¡ æóãóÇ ÔóÇÁó ßóÇäó æóãóÇ áóãú íóÔóÃú áóãú íóßõäú¡ æóãóÇ ÔóÇÁó áóãú íóÓúÊóØöÚú Ãóäú íóÕúÑöÝóåõ ÅöáÇ ãóÔöíÆóÊõåõ¡ æóãóÇ áóãú íóÔóÃú áóãú íõãúßöäú Ãóäú íóÌúáöÈóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÔöíÆóÊõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊö ÅöáøóÇ åõæó¡ æóáóÇ íóÐúåóÈõ ÈÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö ÅöáøóÇ åõæó¡ æóáóÇ íóåúÏöí áöÃÍúÓóäö ÇáÃÚúãóÇáö æÇáÃóÎúáóÇÞö ÅöáøóÇ åõæó¡ æóáóÇ íóÕúÑöÝõ ÓóíøöÆóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ï´¿æóÅöäú íóãúÓóÓúßó Çááøóåõ ÈöÖõÑøò ÝóáóÇ ßóÇÔöÝó áóåõ ÅöáøóÇ åõæó æóÅöäú íõÑöÏúßó ÈöÎóíúÑò ÝóáóÇ ÑóÇÏøó áöÝóÖúáöåöï´¾ [íæäÓ: 107].



æÇáÊøóÍóÞøõÞõ ÈöãóÚúÑöÝóÉö åóÐóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÕöÍøóÉó ÇáÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö æóßóãÇáó ÇáÝóÞúÑö æÇáÝóÇÞóÉö¡ æóíóÍõæáõ Èóíúäó ÇáÚóÈúÏö æóÈóíúäó ÑõÄúíóÉö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåö æóÃóÍúæóÇáöåö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁö ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ÑõÝúÞóÉö ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö Åöáóì ÏóÚúæóì ãóÇ áóíúÓó áóåõ¡ æóßóíúÝó íóÏøóÚöí ãóÚó Çááåö ÍóÇáðÇ Ãóæú ãóáóßóÉð Ãóæú ãÞóÇãðÇ ãóäú ÞóáúÈõåõ æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊõåõ æóÍóÑóßóÇÊõåõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉõ æÇáÈóÇØöäóÉõ ÈöíóÏö ÑóÈøöåö æóãóáöíßöåö áóÇ íóãúáößõ åõæó ãöäúåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÈöíóÏö ãõÞóáøöÈö ÇáÞõáõæÈö æãõÕóÑøöÝöåóÇ ßóíúÝó íóÔóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÇáÅöíúãóÇäõ ÈöåóÐóÇ æÇáÊøóÍóÞøõÞõ Èöåö äöÙóÇãõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóãóÊóì ÇäúÍóáøó ãöäó ÇáÞóáúÈö ÇäúÍóáøó äöÙóÇãõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÝóÓõÈúÍóÇä ãóäú áóÇ íõæÕóáõ Åöáóíúåö ÅöáøóÇ Èöåö¡ æóáóÇ íõØÇÚõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöãóÔöíÆóÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ íõäóÇáõ ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäó ÇáßóÑóÇãóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÓóÈöíáó Åöáì ØóÇÚóÊöåö ÅöáøðÇ ÈöÊóæúÝöíÞöåö æóãóÚõæäóÊöåö¡ ÝóÚóÇÏó ÇáÃãúÑõ ßõáøõå Åöáóíúåö ßóãóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÇáúÃãÑõ ßõáøõå ãöäúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáÃæøóáõ æÇáÂÎöÑõ æÅöäøó Åöáì ÑóÈøößó ÇáãõäúÊóåóì.



æóãóäú æóÕóáó Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÇáö æóÞóÚó Ýöí íóÏö ÇáÊøóÞóØøõÚö æóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ æóÃóÔúÑóÝó Úóáóì ãóÞóÇãö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö ÇáÎóÇÕøöíøö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏó äóæúÚóÇäö: ÚóÇãøöí æóÎóÇÕøöí¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó äóæúÚóÇäö¡ æóÇáÐøößúÑó äóæúÚóÇäö¡ æÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÞõÑóÈö ßóÐóáößó ÎóÇÕøöíøóÉñ æóÚóÇãøöíøóÉñ¡ ÝóÇáúÎÇÕöíøóÉõ ãóÇ ÈóÐóáó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ äõÕúÍóåõ æóÞóÕúÏóåõ ÈöÍóíúËõ íõæÞöÚõåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÍúÓóäö ÇáæÌõæåö æóÃóßúãóáöåóÇ. æÇáÚóÇãöíøóÉõ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÇáãõÓúáöãõæäó ßõáøõåõã ãõÔÊóÑößõæäó Ýöí ÅöÊúíóÇäöåöãö ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ ÚÒ æÌá¡ æóÞóÏú Ùóäøó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÕøõæÝíøóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóæÍöíÏó ÇáÎóÇÕøöí Ãóäú íóÔúåóÏó ÇáÚóÈúÏõ ÇáãõÍóÑøößó áóåõ æóíóÛöíÈõ Úöäö ÇáãõÊóÍóÑøößö æóÚóäö ÇáÍóÑóßóÉö¡ ÝóíóÛöíÈõ ÈöÔõåõæÏöåö Úóäú ÍóÑóßóÊöåö¡ æóíóÔúåóÏõ äóÝúÓóåõ ÔóÈóÍðÇ ÝóÇäöíðÇ íóÌúÑöí Úóáóì ÊóÕóÇÑöíÝö ÇáãóÔöíÆóÉö¡ ßóãóäú ÛóÑóÞó Ýöí ÇáÈóÍúÑö ÝÃãúæóÇÌõåõ ÊóÑÝóÚõåõ ØóæúÑðÇ æÊõÎúÝöÖõåõ ØóæúÑðÇ¡ Ýóåõæ ÛóÇÆöÈñ ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ãõáÇÍóÙóÉö ÍóÑóßóÊöåö Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡ Èóáú ÞóÏö ÇäúÏóÑóÌóÊú ÍóÑóßóÊõåõ Ýöí Ööãúäö ÍóÑóßóÉö ÇáãóæúÌö æóßóÃäøóåõ áóÇ ÍóÑóßóÉó áóåõ ÈöÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ æóÅäú Ùóäøóåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÞóæãö ÛóÇíóÉð æóÙóäøóåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áÇÒöãðÇ ãöäú áóæÇÒöãö ÇáÊøóæÍöíÏö ÝóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ãóäøó ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÌóáøõ ãöäúåõ¡ æÛóÇíóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÝúäóÇÁö Ýöí ÊóæúÍöíÏö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóåõæó Ãäú áóÇ íóÔúåóÏó ÑóÈøðÇ æÎóÇáöÞðÇ æóãõÏóÈøöÑðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÍóÞøõ¡ æóáóßöäøó ÊóæúÍöíÏó ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóåõæó áóÇ íóßúÝöí Ýöí ÇáäøóÌóÇÉö ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÔõåõæÏõå æÇáÝóäóÇÁõ Ýöíå åõæó ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáãõæÍøöÏöíäó æäöåóÇíóÉó ãóØúáóÈöåöãú¡ ÝóÇáÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÛóÇíóÉó æóÑóÇÁóåóÇ æóáÇ äöåóÇíóÉó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÇáÝóäóÇÁõ Ýöí ÊæÍöíÏö ÇáÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ æóåõæó Ãóäú íóÝúäóì ÈöãóÍóÈøóÉö ÑóÈøöå Úóäú ãóÍóÈøóÉö ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóÈöÊóÃáøõåöåö Úóäú ÊóÃóáøõåö ãóÇ ÓöæÇåõ¡ æÈöÇáÔøóæúÞö Åöáíúåö æÅöáóì áöÞÇÆöåö Úóäö ÇáÔøóæúÞö Åöáóì ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æÈÇáÐøõáøö áóåõ æÇáÝóÞúÑö Åöáíåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ßóæúäöåö ãóÚúÈõæÏöåö æÅöáóåöåö æóãóÍúÈõæÈöåö Úóäö ÇáÐøõáøö Åöáì ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæÇåõ¡ æóßóÐóáößó íóÝúäóì ÈöÎóæúÝöåö æóÑóÌóÇÆöåö Úóäú ÎóæúÝö ãÇ ÓöæÇåõ æóÑóÌóÇÆöåö¡ ÝóíóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáæõÌõæÏö ãóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áóåõ Ðóáöß ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ¡ Ëõãøó íóÊøóÕöÝõ ÈöÐóáößó ÍóÇáðÇ æóíóäúÕóÈÛõ Èöåö ÞóáúÈõåõ ÕöÈúÛóÉð Ëõãøó íóÝúäóì ÈöÐóáößó ÚóãøóÇ ÓöæÇåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏõ ÇáÎóÇÕøöí ÇáøóÐöí ÔóãøóÑó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÚóÇÑöÝõæäó¡ æÇáæöÑúÏõ ÇáÕøóÇÝöí ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÇãó Íóæúáóåõ ÇáãõÍöÈøõæäó.



æóãóÊóì æóÕóáó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÚóÈúÏõ ÕóÇÑó Ýöí íóÏö ÇáÊøóÞóØøõÚö æÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ æÇÔúÊóãóáó ÈöáöÈóÇÓö ÇáÝóÞúÑö ÇáÍóÞöíÞöíøö¡ æÝóÑøóÞó ÍõÈøõ Çááåö ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö ßõáøó ãóÍóÈøóÉò æóÎóæúÝõåõ ßõáøó ÎóæúÝò æóÑóÌÇÄõåõ ßõáøó ÑóÌóÇÁò¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÍõÈøõåõ æóÎóæÝõåõ æÑóÌóÇÄõåõ æÐõáøõåõ æÅöíËóÇÑõåõ æÅöÑóÇÏóÊõåõ æãõÚóÇãóáóÊõåõ ßõáøõ Ðóáßó æÇÍöÏñ áöæÇÍöÏò¡ Ýóáãú íóäúÞóÓöãú ØóáóÈõåõ æóáóÇ ãóØúáõæÈõåõ¡ ÝóÊóÚóÏøõÏõ ÇáãóØúáõæÈö æÇäúÞöÓóÇãõåõ ÞóÇÏöÍñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æÇáÅöÎúáÇÕö¡ æÇäúÞöÓóÇãõ ÇáØøóáóÈö ÞóÇÏöÍñ Ýöí ÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÊóæúÍöíÏö ÇáØøóáóÈö æóÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉö æÊöæúÍöíÏö ÇáãóØúáõæÈö ÇáãõÑóÇÏö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÛóÇÈó ÈöãóÍúÈõæÈöåõ Úóäú ÍõÈøö ÛóíúÑöåö æÈöãóÐúßõæÑöåö Úóäú ÐößúÑö ÛóíúÑöåö æÈöãóÃúáõæåöåö Úóäú ÊóÃóáøõåö ÛóíúÑöåö ÕóÇÑó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö ÇáÎóÇÕøöíøö¡ æóÕóÇÍöÈõåõ ãõÌóÑøóÏñ Úóäú ãõáóÇÍóÙóÉö Óöæóì ãóÍúÈöæÈöåö Ãóæú ÅöíËóÇÑöåö Ãóæú ãóÚóÇãóáóÊöåö Ãóæú ÎóæúÝöåö Ãóæú ÑóÌóÇÆöåö.



æóÕóÇÍöÈõ ÊóæúÍöíÏö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö Ýöí ÞóíÏö ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö Úóäú ãõáóÇÍóÙóÉö ÝóÇÚöáò ÛóíúÑö Çááåö¡ æóåõæó ãõÌóÑøóÏñ Úóäú ãõáóÇÍóÙóÉö æõÌõæÏöåö¡ æóåõæó ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáÃõæáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏðÇ Úóäú ÃóãúæóÇáöåö¡ æóÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ãõÌóÑøóÏðÇ Úóäú ÃóÚúãóÇáöåö æóÃóÍúæÇáöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáÝóäóÇÁö Ýöí ÊóæÍöíÏö ÇáÅáóåøóíÉö ãõÌóÑøóÏñ Úóäú Óöæóì ãóÑóÇÖöí ãóÍúÈõæÈöåö æóÃæóÇãöÑöåö¡ ÞóÏú Ýóäóì ÈöÍõÈøöåö æÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁö ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö Úóäú ÍóÈøö ÛóíúÑöåö æÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁö ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÊøóÌúÑíÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÓóãóÊú Åöáóíúåö åöãóãõ ÇáÓøóÇáößöíäó¡ Ýóãúäó ÊóÌóÑøóÏó Úóäú ãóÇáöåö æÍóÇáöåö æößóÓúÈöåö æóÚóãóáöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÌóÑøóÏó Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö ÊóÌúÑöíÏöåö Ýóåõæó ÇáãõÌóÑøóÏõ ÚöäúÏóåõãö ÍóÞøðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö íóÍõæãõæäó¡ æóÅíøóÇåõ íóÞúÕõÏõæäó¡ æóäöåóÇíóÊõåõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏõ ÈöÝóäóÇÁö æõÌõæÏöåö¡ æóÈóÞóÇÄõåõ ÈöãóæúÌõæÏöåö¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÝúäóì ãóäú áóãú íóßõäú æóíóÈúÞóì ãóäú áóãú íóÒáú¡ æóáóÇ ÛóÇíóÉó ÚöäúÏóåõãú æóÑóÇÁó åóÐóÇ.



æóáóÚóãúÑõ Çááåö Åöäøó æóÑóÇÁóåõ ÊóÌúÑöíÏðÇ Ãßúãóáó ãöäúåõ¡ æóäöÓúÈóÊõåõ Åöáóíúåö ßóÊóÝúáóÉò Ýöí ÈóÍúÑò æóÔóÚúÑóÉò Ýöí ÙóåúÑö ÈóÚöíÑò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáÍõÈøö æÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉö Úóäö ÇáÔøóæÇÆöÈö æóÇáÚöáóáö æóÇáÍõÙõæÙö¡ ÝóíóÊóæÍøóÏó ÍõÈøõåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóæÍøóÏó ãóÍúÈõæÈõåõ¡ æóíóÊóÌóÑøóÏõ Úóäú ãõÑóÇÏöåö ãöäú ãóÍúÈõæÈöåö ÈöãõÑóÇÏö ãóÍúÈõæÈöåö ãöäúåõ¡ Èóáú íóÈúÞóì ãõÑóÇÏõ ãóÍúÈõæÈöåö åõæó ãöäú äóÝúÓö ãõÑóÇÏöåö¡ æóåõäóÇ íõÚúÞóáõ ÇáÇÊøöÍóÇÏõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ æóåõæó ÇÊøöÍóÇÏõ ÇáõãÑóÇÏö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Úóíúäõ ãõÑóÇÏö ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö åõæó Úóíúäõ ãóÑóÇÏö ÇáãõÍöÈøö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÛÇíóÉõ ÇáãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö æóßóãÇóáõ ÇáÚõÈõæÏöíÉö.



æóáóÇ ÊóÊóÌóÑøóÏõ ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉõ Úóäö ÇáÚöáóáö æÇáÍõÙõæÙö æóÇáøóÊöí ÊõÝúÓöÏõåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÇáÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó ãóÍóÈøóÉö ÍóÙøößó æóãõÑóÇÏößó ãöäó ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö æóÃöäøóßó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊõÍöÈøõåõ áöÐóáößó æóÈóíúäó ãóÍóÈøóÉö ãõÑóÇÏö ÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö ãöäúßó æóãóÍóÈøóÊößó áóåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö Ãóäøóåõ Ãóåúáñ Ãóäú íõÍóÈøó.



æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÇÊøöÍóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÝóãõÍóÇáñ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÇÊøöÍóÇÏó Ýöí ÇáãõÑöíÏö ãõÍóÇáñ¡ ÝóÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÊóÇäö ãõÊóÈóÇíöäóÊóÇäö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáãõÍöÈøö æÇáãóÍúÈõæÈö ÅöÐóÇ ÎóáõÕóÊö ÇáãóÍóÈøóÉõ ãöäó ÇáÚöáóáö æÇáÍõÙõæÙö ÝóæÇÍöÏñ¡ ÝóÇáÝóÞúÑõ æóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏõ æÇáúÝóäóÇÁõ ãöäú æÇÏò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõ (ãóäóÇÒöáö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑöíäó) ãöäú ÞöÓúãö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÇÊö¡ æóÍóÏøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÇáÇäúÎöáóÇõÚ Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáÔøóæÇåöÏö¡ æóÌóÚóáóåõ Úóáóì ËóáóÇËö ÏóÑóÌóÇÊò: ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉõ ÇáÃõæáóì: ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáúßóÔúÝö Úóäú ßóÓúÈö ÇáúíóÞöíäö¡ æÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ: ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ Úóíúäö ÇáÌóãúÚö Úóäú ÏóÑúßö ÇáÚöáúãö¡ æóÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ: ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáÎóáóÇÕö ãöäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö.



ÝóÞóæúáóåõ Ýöí ÇáÃõæáóì: «ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáßóÔúÝö Úóäú ßóÓúÈö ÇáíóÞöíäö» íõÑöíÏõ ßóÔúÝó ÇáÅöíãóÇäö æóãõßóÇÝóÍóÊóåõ áöáúÞóáÈö¡ æóåóÐóÇ æÅöäú ÍóÕóáó ÈÇßÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáíóÞöíäö ãöäú ÃóÏöáøóÊöåö æóÈÑóÇåöíäåö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íóÔúåóÏó ÓóÈúÞó Çááåö ÈöãöäøóÊöåö áößõáøö ÓóÈóÈö íõäóÇáõ Èöåö ÇáíóÞöíäõ Ãóæö ÇáÅöíãóÇäõ¡ ÝóíõÌóÑøöÏõ ßóÔúÝóåõ áöÐóáößó Úóäú ãõáÇÍóÙóÉö ÓóÈóÈò Ãóæú æóÓöíáóÉò¡ Èóáú íóÞúØóÚõ ÇáÃÓúÈóÇÈó æÇáæóÓóÇÆöáó æóíúäÊóåöí äóÙóÑõåõ Åöáóì ÇáãõÓóÈÈö¡ æóåóÐöåö Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõåõÇ Úóäú ßóæúäöåóÇ ÃÓúÈóÇÈðÇ ÝóÊóÌúÑöíÏñ ÈóÇØöáñ¡ æóÕóÇÍöÈõåõ ÖóÇáøñ¡ æóÅöäú ÃõÑíÏó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõåóÇ Úóäö ÇáæõÞõæÝö ÚóäúÏóåóÇ æÑõÄóíóÉõ ÇäÊöÓóÇÈöåóÇ Åöáóíúåö æóÕóíúÑõæÑóÊõåÇ ÚöäúæÇäõ ÇáíóÞöíäö ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó Èöåö æóÍúÏõåõ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÌúÑöíÏñ ÕóÍöíÍñ æóáóßöäú Úóáóì ÕóÇÍÈöåö ÅöËúÈóÇÊõ ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈö¡ ÝóÅöäú äóÝóÇåóÇ Úóäú ßõæúäöåóÇ ÃÓúÈóÇÈðÇ ÝóÓóÏó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõåõ.



æóÞóæáõåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíÉö: «ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ Úóíúäö ÇáÌóãúÚö Úóäú ÏóÑóßö ÇáÚóáúãö» áóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÏøóÑÌóÉõ ÇáÃõæáóì ÊóÌúÑöíÏðÇ Úóäö ÇáßóÓúÈö æÇäúÊöåóÇÁð Åöáóì Úóíúäö ÇáÌóãúÚö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáÛóíúÈóÉõ ÈöÊóÝóÑøõÏö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÈÇáÍõßúãö Úóäú ÅöËúÈóÇÊö æóÓöíáÉò Ãóæú ÓóÈóÈò¡ ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú ÊóÌúÑöíÏðÇ ÂÎóÑó Ãóßúãóáó ãöäó ÇáÃæøóáö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÌóãúÚö Úóäú Úöáúãö ÇáÚóÈúÏö Èöåö¡ ÝÇáÃõæáóì ÊóÌúÑöíÏñ Úóäú ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö æÇáÝöÚúáö¡ æÇáËøóÇäöíÉõ ÊóÌúÑöíÏñ Úóäö ÇáÚöáúãö æÇáÅöÏúÑóÇßö.



æåóÐóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÃíúÖðÇ ÊóÌúÑöíÏðÇ ËóÇáËðÇ Ãóßúãóáó ãöäó ÇáËøóÇäöí æóåõæó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕö ãöäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáÊøóÌÑöíÏö¡ æóÕóÇÍöÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö ÇáËøóÇáËö Ýöí Úóíúäö ÇáÌóãúÚö ÞóÏö ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú åöãøóÊõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÍóÞøö¡ æóÔõÛöáó Èöåö Úóäú ãõáÇÍóÙóÉö ÌóãúÚöåö æóÐößúÑöåö æóÚóãóáöåö Èöåö¡ ÞóÏö ÇÓÊóÛúÑóÞó Ðóáößó ÞáúÈõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÓöÚóÉó Ýöíåö áöÔõåõæÏö Úöáúãöåö ÈÊóÌúÑöíÏöåö¡ æóæóÑóÇÁó åÐóÇ ßõáøöåö ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ äöÓúÈóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö ßÔóÚúÑóÉò ãöäú ÙóåúÑö ÈóÚöíÑò Åöáì ÌõãúáÊöåö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÌúÑöíÏõ ÇáÍõÈøö æÇáÅöÑóÇÏóÉö Úóäú ÊóÚóáøõÞöåö ÈÇáÓøöæóì¡ æóÊóÌúÑöíÏõåõ Úóäú ÇáÚöáóáö æÇáÔøóæÇÆöÈö æÇáÍõÙõæÙö ÇáøóÊöí åöí ãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ ÝóíóÊóÌóÑøóÏõ ÇáØøóáóÈõ æÇáÍõÈøõ Úóäú ßõáøö ÊóÚóáøõÞò íõÎóÇáöÝõ ãõÑóÇÏó ÇáãóÍÈõæÈö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÌÑöíÏõ ÇáÍóäöíÝöíøóÉö¡ æÇááåõ ÇáãõÓóÊóÚóÇäõ æóÚóáöíåö ÇáÊøõßáÇäõ æóáóÇ Íóæúáó æáóÇ ÞõæóÉó ÅöáøóÇ Èöåö.



ÇáÛöäóì ÈöÇááåö:

æóáãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÝóÞúÑõ Åáóì Çááåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ åõæó Úóíúäõ ÇáÛöäóì Èöåö¡ ÝóÃóÝúÞóÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Åöáóì Çááåö ÃóÛúäóÇåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÃóÐóáøõåõãú áóåõ ÃóÚóÒøóåõã¡ æóÃóÖúÚóÝõåõãú Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÃóÞúæóÇåõãú¡ æóÃóÌóåóáõåõãú ÚöäúÏó äóÝúÓöåö ÃóÚúáóãõåõãú ÈöÇááåö¡ æóÃóãúÞóÊõåõãú áöäóÝúÓöåö ÃóÞúÑóÈõåõãú Åöáóì ãóÑúÖóÇÉö Çááåö¡ ßóÇäó ÐößúÑõ ÇáÛöäóì ÈöÇááåö ãóÚó ÇáÝóÞúÑö Åöáóíúåö ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóíäö ãõÊóäóÇÓöÈóíäö¡ ÝóÊóÐóßøóÑó ÝóÖúáðÇ äóÇÝöÚðÇ Ýöí ÇáÛöäóì ÇáÚóÇáöí¡ æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ÇáÛöäóì Úóáóì ÇáÍóÞöíÞóÉö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇááåö ÇáÛóäöíøö ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Úóäú ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇå¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ ÝóãóæúÓõæãñ ÈöÓöãóÉö ÇáÝóÞúÑö ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóæúÓõæãñ ÈöÓöãóÉö ÇáÎóáúÞö æóÇáÕøõäúÚö¡ æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ßóæúäóåõ ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÐóÇÊöíøñ áóåõ Ýóßóæúäõåõ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÐóÇÊöíøñ áóåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíÇäõåõ¡ æóÛöäóÇåõ ÃóãúÑñ äöÓúÈöíøñ ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ ÚóÇÑöÖñ áóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì ÈöÃóãúÑò ÎóÇÑöÌò Úóäú ÐóÇÊöåö Ýóåõæó Ûóäöíøñ Èöåö ÝóÞöíÑñ¡ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ íõæÕóÝõ ÈöÇáÛöäóì ÇáãõØóáÞö ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ.



ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÎóáúÞó íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÊóÞõæãõ Èöåö ÃóÈúÏóÇäõåõãú æóÃóÑúæÇÍõåõã¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÌúÚóáõåõã ÝõÞóÑóÇÁó Åöáóì ÑöÒúÞö Çááåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÇáæóÌõæåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ Åöáóì ÇáØøóÚóÇãö æóÅöáóì ÇáÔøóÑóÇÈö¡ æóÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáÑøõæÍö æóÇáÓøóÚóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÒøóæúÌóÉö æóÇáæóáóÏö¡ æóÇáÓøóãóÚö æóÇáÈóÕóÑö... åóÐóÇ ÝóÞúÑñ ãõØúáóÞñ Åöáóì Çááåö ÇáÐöí ÈöíóÏöåö åóÐöåö ÇáäøöÚóãõ æóÛóíúÑõåóÇ ãóãøóÇ áóÇ Ûöäóì Úóäúåõ áöáúÎóáúÞö¡ ÃóãøóÇ Çááåõ Ìá ÌáÇáå æÊÞÏÓÊ ÃÓãÇÄå ÝóÅöäøóåõ Ûóäöíøõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö¡ Èóáú æóÚóäú ßõáøö ãóÇ ÓöæóÇå¡ ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÐóáößó ÝóÅöäøó Ûöäóì Çááåö Ûöäóìð ãõØóáÞñ¡ æóßõáøõ ÇáÚöÈóÇÏö ÝóÞúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááåö ÝóÞúÑñ ãõØúáóÞñ.



ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈ ÇáÛöäóì[31]:

ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿Þõáö Çááøóåõãøó ãóÇáößó Çáúãõáúßö ÊõÄúÊöí Çáúãõáúßó ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ æóÊóäúÒöÚõ Çáúãõáúßó ãöãøóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ æóÊõÚöÒøõ ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ æóÊõÐöáøõ ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ ÈöíóÏößó ÇáúÎóíúÑõ Åöäøóßó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÞóÏöíÑñï´¾ [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 26]¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÛöäóì æóÇáÚóØóÇÁó ÈöíóÏö ãóäú áóåõ ãõáúßõ ÇáÃÑúÖö æóÇáÓøóãóÇÁö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÛúÊóäí ÃóÍÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÅöÐúäöåö¡ æóáóÇ íõÑÒóÞõ ÃóÍÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÚóØóÇÆöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó Çááåõ áöÑöÒúÞöåö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈðÇ íõÛúäöí ÈöåóÇ ãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ Ýóãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáÃóÓúÈóÇÈö:

1- ÇáãõÊóÝóÑøöÛõ áöáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö:

ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáÍóÏöíËö ÇáÞõÏúÓöíøö: «íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÂÏóãó¡ ÊóÝóÑøóÛú áöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöí ÃóãúáóÃú ÕóÏúÑóßó Ûöäóìð¡ æóÃóÓõÏøó ÝóÞúÑóßó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÊóÝúÚóáú ãóáóÃÊõ ÕóÏúÑóßó ÔõÛúáðÇ æóáóãú ÃóÓõÏøó ÝóÞúÑóßó»[32].



æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò ÞóÇáó: «íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÂÏóãó¡ ÊóÝóÑøóÛú áöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöí ÃóãúáóÃú ÞóáúÈóßó Ûöäðì æóÃóãúáóÃú íóÏóíúßó ÑöÒúÞðÇ¡ íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÂÏóãó¡ áÇó ÊóÈóÇÚÏú ãöäøöí ÝóÃãóáóÃú ÞóáúÈóßó ÝóÞúÑðÇ æóÃóãúáóÃú íóÏóíúßó ÔõÛúáðÇ»[33].



2- ãóäú äóÒóáóÊú Èöåö ÝóÇÞóÉñ ÝóÃóäúÒóáåóÇ ÈöÇááåö:

Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÑÖí Çááå Úäå ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááåö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã: «ãóäú ÃóÕóÇÈóÊúåõ ÝóÇÞóÉñ[34] ÝóÃóäúÒóáåóÇ ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö áóãú ÊõÓóÏøõ ÝóÇÞóÊõå¡ æóãóäú ÃóäúÒóáóåóÇ ÈöÇááåö ÝóíõæÔößõ[35] Çááåõ áóåõ ÈöÑöÒúÞò ÚóÇÌöáò Ãóæú ÂÌöáò»[36].



æóááåö ÏóÑøõ ÇáÞóÇÆöáö:

áóÇ ÊóÓúÃóáóäøó Èõäóíøó ÂÏóãó ÍóÇÌóÉð
æóÓóáö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÈúæóÇÈõåõ áóÇ ÊõÍúÌóÈõ
Çáõáå íóÛúÖóÈõ Åöäú ÊóÑóßúÊó ÓõÄóÇáóåõ
æóÈõäóíøó ÂÏóãó Íöíäó íõÓúÃóáõ íóÛúÖóÈõ
3- ÇáãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉõ Èóíúäó ÇáÍóÌøö æóÇáÚõãúÑóÉö:

ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã: «ÊóÇÈöÚõæÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÍóÌøö æóÇáÚõãúÑóÉöº ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ íóäúÝöíóÇäö ÇáÝóÞúÑó æóÇáÐøõäõæÈó ßóãóÇ íóäúÝöí ÇáßöíÑõ ÎóÈóËó ÇáÍóÏöíÏö»[37].



4- ÊóÞúæóì Çááåö Ìá ÌáÇáå æÊÞÏÓÊ ÃÓãÇÄå:

ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ï´¿æóãóäú íóÊøóÞö Çááøóåó íóÌúÚóáú áóåõ ãóÎúÑóÌðÇ * æóíóÑúÒõÞúåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÍúÊóÓöÈõï´¾ [ÇáØáÇÞ: 2¡ 3]¡

ÇáÝÇÑÓ ÚÈÏÇááå 01-15-2024 07:28 PM
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑ ÇáÌÒÇÁ
æÔßÑÇð áØÑÍß ÇáåÇÏÝ æÅÎÊíÇÑß ÇáÞíøã
ÑÒÞß ÇáãÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜæáì ÇáÌäÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ æäÚíãÜÜÜÜÜåÇ
æÌÚáÜÜÜÜÜÜ ãÇ ßõÊöÈó Ýí ãÜÜÜÜÜÜæÇÒíä ÍÓÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜäÇÊß

ÑæÍ ÇáäÏì 01-15-2024 07:42 PM
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑ ÇáÌÒÇÁ

ÌäÜÜÜÜæä 01-15-2024 09:49 PM
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑ

ÖÇãíÉ ÇáÔæÞ 01-15-2024 10:31 PM
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑÇ

ÇáãåÑÉ 01-16-2024 02:56 AM

https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5640...b6e077c1_L.png


ÈÇÇÇÑß Çááå Ýíß æÝí ÌáÈß
æØÑÍß ÇáØíÈ
æÌÒÇÇß Çááå ÚäÇÇ ßá ÎíÑ æÇËÇÈß ÇáÌäÉ
ÚÑÖåÇÇ ÇáÓãæÇÊ æÇáÇÑÖ ÇÔßÑß
æÓáãÊ ÇáÇíÇÇÇÏí æíÚØíß ÑÈí ÇáÝ ÚÇÝíÉ
ÊÍíÊí æÊÞÏíÑí æÈÇäÊÙÇÇÇÑ ÌÏíÏß ÏãÊí
æßæäí ÈÎíÑ


https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5640...b6e077c1_L.png


ÇáÓÇÚÉ ÇáÂä 08:25 PM

Powered by vBulletin® Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. TranZ By Almuhajir
HêĽм √ 3.1 BY: ! ωαнαм ! © 2010
new notificatio by 9adq_ala7sas
ÌãíÚ ÍÞæÞ ÇáäÔÑ áÔÚÇÑäÇ æ ßÊÇÈäÇ æãÓãíÇÊ ÇáãæÞÚ ÎÇÕÉ æ ãÍÝæÙÉ áÏì ãäÊÏíÇÊ ÞÕÇíÏ áíá ÇáÃÏÈíÉ